新建一个 CamreaAlbumTest项目,然后修改 activity_main.xml中的代码,如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/take_photo"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="take photo"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/choose_from_album"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="choose from album"
/>
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/picture"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"/>
</LinearLayout>
然后开始编写调用摄像头的具体逻辑,修改 MainActivity中的代码,如下所示:
package com.example.cameraalbumtest;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;
private ImageView picture;
private Uri imageUri;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button chooseFromAlbum = findViewById(R.id.choose_from_album);
chooseFromAlbum.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);
} else {
openAlbum();
}
}
});
Button takephoto = findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
picture = findViewById(R.id.picture);
takephoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//创建File对象,用于储存拍照后的图片
File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "output_image.jpg");//File构造函数第一个参数是手机SD卡的应用关联缓存目录—
// —(专门用于存放当前缓存数据的位置【使用此方法的目的是从Android6.0开始,读写SD卡被列为危险权限,如果将图片存放在其他目录,都要进行运行时权限处理,而使用关联目录即可跳过这一步】)
//第二个参数就是图片的名字
try {
//进行判断,如果outputImage文件已经存在,则把它删除,不存在,则创建这样一个文件
if (outputImage.exists()) {
outputImage.delete();
}
outputImage.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//判断系统版本是否低于Android7.0
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
//调用FileProvider()方法将File对象转化成一个封装过的Uri对象(FileProvider是一种特殊的内容提供器它使用了和内容提供器类似的机制来对数据进行保护,
// 可以选择性的将封装过的Uri共享给外部,从而提高应用的安全性【这样做的目的是,从Android7.0开始直接使用本地真实路径的Uri被认为是不安全的会抛出FileUriException异常】)
imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this, "com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider", outputImage);//第一个参数是一个context对象,第二个参数是任意唯一的字符串,第三个参数是刚刚创建的File对象
Log.d("MainActivity", outputImage.toString() + "手机系统版本高于Android7.0");
} else {
//调用fromFile()方法将File对象转换成Uri对象,这个Uri对象标识着output_image.jpg这张图片的本地真实路径
Log.d("MainActivity", outputImage.toString() + "手机系统版本低于Android7.0");
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
}
//启动相机程序
Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO);//TAKE_PHOTO是自己定义的静态常量,为1
}
});
}
private void openAlbum() {
Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
intent.setType("image/*");
startActivityForResult(intent, CHOOSE_PHOTO);//打开相册
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 1:
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
openAlbum();
} else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "无权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
}
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
switch (requestCode) {
case TAKE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
//如果成功
try {
//调用BitmapFactory的decodeStream()方法将output_image.jpg解析成Bitmap对象,然后把它设置到ImageView中显示出来
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break;
case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
handleImageOnKitKat(data);
} else {
handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
}
}
}
}
private void handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data) {
String imagePath = null;
Uri uri = data.getData();
if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this, uri)) {
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
if ("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
String id = docId.split(":")[1];
String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
imagePath=getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,selection);
}else if("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
Uri contentUri= ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"),Long.valueOf(docId));
imagePath=getImagePath(contentUri,null);
}
}else if("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
imagePath=getImagePath(uri,null);
}else if("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
imagePath=uri.getPath();
}
displayImage(imagePath);
}
private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data){
Uri uri=data.getData();
String imagePath=getImagePath(uri,null);
displayImage(imagePath);
}
private String getImagePath(Uri uri,String selection){
String path=null;
Cursor cursor=getContentResolver().query(uri,null,selection,null,null);
if(cursor!=null){
if(cursor.moveToFirst()){
path=cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
}
cursor.close();
}
return path;
}
private void displayImage(String imagePath){
if(imagePath!=null){
Bitmap bitmap=BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}else {
Toast.makeText(this,"得到图片失败",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
提到了内容提供器自然要在AndroidManifest.xml中对内容提供器进行注册,如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.cameraalbumtest">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
//添加部分
<provider
android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"//该值是固定的
android:authorities="com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider"//这个值要和 FileProvider.getUriForFile的第二个参数一样
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data//指定Uri的共享路径
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/file_paths"
/>
</provider>
//添加结束
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
右击res→New→Directory,创建一个xml目录,接着右击xml目录→New→File,创建一个file_paths.xml文件。(其中path值《第一行代码》中的空值会报错,我们天一个任意值即可)如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<external-path
name="my_images"//任意
path="test/"//任意
/>
</paths>
为了兼容老版本(Android4.4之前),我们访问SD卡声明一下权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
这样,我们的整个项目就写好啦!