11 声明式事务
11.1 建立测试环境
我们要建立如下的项目结构
- 数据库spring_mybatis,表为user
mysql> SELECT * FROM spring_mybatis.user;
+---------+-----------+----------+
| user_id | user_name | user_pwd |
+---------+-----------+----------+
| 1 | 张三 | 123456 |
| 2 | 李四 | 123456 |
+---------+-----------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 在pom.xml中导入相关依赖和配置
<dependencies>
<!-- spring的包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- AspectJ的包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis的包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL连接的包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.20</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis-spring整合包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Druid数据源 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.23</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 在build中配置resources,来防止我们资源导出失败的问题 -->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
- 在pojo层建立实体类User
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
}
- 在mapping层建立接口UserMapping
public interface UserMapping {
int addUser(User user);
int deleteUser(int id);
List<User> getAllUser();
}
- 建立映射文件UserMapping.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.cap.mapping.UserMapping">
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="user">
INSERT INTO spring_mybatis.user
SELECT #{id},#{name},#{pwd};
</insert>
<delete id="deleteUser">
DELETE FROM spring_mybatis.user
WHERE user_id = #{id}
</delete>
<select id="getAllUser" resultMap="getAllUserResultMap">
SELECT * FROM user;
</select>
<resultMap id="getAllUserResultMap" type="user">
<id property="id" column="user_id" />
<result property="name" column="user_name"/>
<result property="pwd" column="user_pwd" />
</resultMap>
</mapper>
- 创建UserMappingImpl类,实现UserMapping接口
public class UserMappingImpl extends SqlSessionDaoSupport implements UserMapping {
@Override
public int addUser(User user) {
return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapping.class).addUser(user);
}
@Override
public int deleteUser(int id) {
return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapping.class).deleteUser(id);
}
@Override
public List<User> getAllUser() {
addUser(new User(3,"王五","123456"));
deleteUser(3);
return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapping.class).getAllUser();
}
}
- 建立spring元数据配置文件applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 配置数据源,这里我们使用阿里巴巴的Druid德鲁伊 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_mybatis?serverTimezone=UTC" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="mysql" />
</bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/cap/mapping/*.xml" />
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.cap.pojo" />
</bean>
<bean id="UserMappingImpl" class="com.cap.mapping.UserMappingImpl">
<property name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactory" />
</bean>
</beans>
- 建立测试类
public class MyTest {
@Test
public void test(){
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserMapping userMapping = context.getBean(UserMapping.class);
List<User> list = userMapping.getAllUser();
for (User user : list) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
10.2 Spring配置声明式事务
以上项目是没有配置事务的,当执行addUser再执行deleteUser,如果addUser完成后deleteUser出现错误,那么这样addUser完成了但deleteUser操作没有执行,这样就不符合事务的原子性,我们需要借助Spring的AOP给此配置上事务。
- 要开启 Spring 的事务处理功能,在 Spring 的配置文件中创建一个
DataSourceTransactionManager
对象
<!-- 创建一个DataSourceTransactionManager对象 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<constructor-arg name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
注意:为事务管理器指定的 DataSource 必须和用来创建
SqlSessionFactoryBean
的是同一个数据源,否则事务管理器就无法工作了。
- 这里我们要引入事务和AOP的头文件
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
- 配置好事务管理器后我们需要去配置事务的通知
<!-- 配置事务的通知 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="add" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="delete" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="update" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="search" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="query" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
- 配置AOP
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="txPointcut" expression="execution(* com.cap.mapping.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut"/>
</aop:config>
这样就完成了事务的支持,可以看到,在不改变源码的情况下就完成了事务的支持。
10.3 事务转播特性
spring事务传播特性:
事务传播行为就是多个事务方法相互调用时,事务如何在这些方法间传播。spring支持7种事务传播行为:
propagation_requierd
:如果当前没有事务,就新建一个事务,如果已存在一个事务中,加入到这个事务中,这是最常见的选择。propagation_supports
:支持当前事务,如果没有当前事务,就以非事务方法执行。propagation_mandatory
:使用当前事务,如果没有当前事务,就抛出异常。propagation_required_new
:新建事务,如果当前存在事务,把当前事务挂起。propagation_not_supported
:以非事务方式执行操作,如果当前存在事务,就把当前事务挂起。propagation_never
:以非事务方式执行操作,如果当前事务存在则抛出异常。propagation_nested
:如果当前存在事务,则在嵌套事务内执行。如果当前没有事务,则执行与propagation_required
类似的操作
Spring 默认的事务传播行为是 PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
,它适合于绝大多数的情况。