inux2.6内核中unlikely和like函数的解释

//test_builtin_expect.c 
#define LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
#define UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)

int test_likely(int x)
{
 if(LIKELY(x))
 {
     x = 5;
 }
 else
 {
     x = 6;
 }
  
 return x;
}

int test_unlikely(int x)
{
 if(UNLIKELY(x))
 {
     x = 5;
 }
 else
 {
     x = 6;
 }
  
 return x;
}

[lammy@localhost test_builtin_expect]$ gcc -fprofile-arcs -O2 -c test_builtin_expect.c 
[lammy@localhost test_builtin_expect]$ objdump -d test_builtin_expect.o

test_builtin_expect.o:        file format elf32-i386

Disassembly of section .text:

00000000 <test_likely>:
      0: 55                       push      %ebp
      1: 89 e5                    mov       %esp,%ebp
      3: 8b 45 08                 mov       0x8(%ebp),%eax
      6: 83 05 38 00 00 00 01  addl      $0x1,0x38
      d: 83 15 3c 00 00 00 00  adcl      $0x0,0x3c
  14: 85 c0                    test      %eax,%eax  //见下面解释
  16: 74 15                    je        2d <test_likely+0x2d>//主要看这里(如果测试结果为0则跳转）
  18: 83 05 40 00 00 00 01  addl      $0x1,0x40
  1f: b8 05 00 00 00           mov       $0x5,%eax
  24: 83 15 44 00 00 00 00  adcl      $0x0,0x44
  2b: 5d                       pop       %ebp
  2c: c3                       ret       
  2d: 83 05 48 00 00 00 01  addl      $0x1,0x48
  34: b8 06 00 00 00           mov       $0x6,%eax
  39: 83 15 4c 00 00 00 00  adcl      $0x0,0x4c
  40: 5d                       pop       %ebp
  41: c3                       ret       
  42: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00  lea       0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi
  49: 8d bc 27 00 00 00 00  lea       0x0(%edi,%eiz,1),%edi

00000050 <test_unlikely>:
  50: 55                       push      %ebp
  51: 89 e5                    mov       %esp,%ebp
  53: 8b 55 08                 mov       0x8(%ebp),%edx
  56: 83 05 20 00 00 00 01  addl      $0x1,0x20
  5d: 83 15 24 00 00 00 00  adcl      $0x0,0x24
  64: 85 d2                    test      %edx,%edx           //看这里X86 test和and指令相似不过test只影响标志位，这里只有当edx中数据为0时zf才为1，其他为1，zf=0（说明不相等），下面一卷jne才会发生跳转

  66: 75 15                    jne       7d <test_unlikely+0x2d>//主要看这里（如果测试结果为1则跳转）
  68: 83 05 30 00 00 00 01  addl      $0x1,0x30
  6f: b8 06 00 00 00           mov       $0x6,%eax
  74: 83 15 34 00 00 00 00  adcl      $0x0,0x34
  7b: 5d                       pop       %ebp
  7c: c3                       ret       
  7d: 83 05 28 00 00 00 01  addl      $0x1,0x28
  84: b8 05 00 00 00           mov       $0x5,%eax
  89: 83 15 2c 00 00 00 00  adcl      $0x0,0x2c
  90: 5d                       pop       %ebp
  91: c3                       ret       
  92: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00  lea       0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi
  99: 8d bc 27 00 00 00 00  lea       0x0(%edi,%eiz,1),%edi

000000a0 <_GLOBAL__I_65535_0_test_likely>:
  a0: 55                       push      %ebp
  a1: 89 e5                    mov       %esp,%ebp
  a3: 83 ec 08                 sub       $0x8,%esp
  a6: c7 04 24 00 00 00 00  movl      $0x0,(%esp)
  ad: e8 fc ff ff ff           call      ae <_GLOBAL__I_65535_0_test_likely+0xe>
  b2: c9                       leave  
  b3: c3                       ret       
[lammy@localhost test_builtin_expect]$

两个函数编译生成的汇编语句所使用到的跳转指令不一样，仔细分析下会发现__builtin_expect实际上是为了满足在大多数情况不执行跳转 指令，所以__builtin_expect仅仅是告诉编译器优化，并没有改变其对真值的判断。

‍使用TEST AL,08H．若ZF=1,表示该位是0，若ZF＝0，该位为1