java中多线程环境下实现单例的几种方法

1.基于volatile的双重检查锁定方式

public class SafeDoubleCheckedLocking {
  
    private volatile static Instance instance;

    public static Instance getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            synchronized (SafeDoubleCheckedLocking.class) {
                if (instance == null){
		  // new class 不是原子操作，有可能经过编译器，处理器的指令重排序因此 instance必须是volatile
 		    instance = new Instance();
		}
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }

    static class Instance {
    }
}

2.基于类初始化-静态内部类方式

public class InstanceFactory {
    private static class InstanceHolder {
        public static Instance instance = new Instance();
    }

    public static Instance getInstance() {
        return InstanceHolder.instance;
    }

    static class Instance {
    }
}

note: Instance 被定义成静态内部类，可以根据实际需要定义成普通的public类