1、父项目:
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.12.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
其父项目是:
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
</parent>
该父项目是真正管理Spring Boot应用里面的所有依赖的版本:Spring Boot的版本仲裁中心,所以以后导入的依赖默认是不需要版本号。
2、启动器
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
: spring boot场景启动器;帮助导入web模块正常运行所依赖的组件;
Spring Boot将所有的功能场景抽取出来,做成一个个的starter(启动器),只需要在项目中引入这些starter,那么相关的场景的所有依赖都会导入进项目中。要用什么功能就导入什么场景的启动器。
3、主程序类(主入口类)
/**
* @SpringBootApplication来标注一个主程序类,说明这是一个SpringBoot应用
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Spring应用启动
SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.1、@SpringBootApplication
注解定义如下:
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {}
3.2、@SpringBootConfiguration:
标注在某个类上,表示这是一个Spring Boot的配置类
注解定义如下:
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {}
3.3、@Configuration:
标注该注解,对应Spring应用中的配置文件,其底层就是也就是容器中的一个组件 @Component。注解定义如下:
@Component
public @interface Configuration {}
3.4、@EnableAutoConfiguration:
以前使用Spring需要配置的信息,Spring Boot帮助自动配置;
@EnableAutoConfiguration通知SpringBoot开启自动配置功能,这样自动配置才能生效。注解定义如下:
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {}
3.5、@AutoConfigurationPackage:
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {}
3.6、@Import:
给容器中导入组件,组件由 @Import 的value值指定;
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
//默认将会扫描@SpringBootApplication标注的主配置类所在的包及其子包下所有组件
register(registry, new PackageImport(metadata).getPackageName());
}
@Override
public Set<Object> determineImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
return Collections.<Object>singleton(new PackageImport(metadata));
}
}
: 给容器中导入组件
EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector: 导入哪些组件的选择器,将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回,这些组件就会被添加到容器中。
//EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的父类:AutoConfigurationImportSelector
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return NO_IMPORTS;
}
try {
AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
attributes);
configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
configurations = sort(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return configurations.toArray(new String[configurations.size()]);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
}
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
会给容器中注入众多的自动配置类(xxxAutoConfiguration),就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件,并配置好这些组件。
有了自动配置类,免去了手动编写配置类注入功能组件等工作。
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
//...
return configurations;
}
public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
try {
//从类路径的META-INF/spring.factories中加载所有默认的自动配置类
Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = urls.nextElement();
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource(url));
//获取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的所有值
String factoryClassNames = properties.getProperty(factoryClassName);
result.addAll(Arrays.asList(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(factoryClassNames)));
}
return result;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load [" + factoryClass.getName() +
"] factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
}
}
J2EE的整体整合解决方案和自动配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-xxx.jar中。
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