linux音频子系统 - ASoC-PCM之machine

对于ASoC框架来说，machine就相当于card，soc-card的注册就在machine的相关文件中操作，machine相当于整个声卡，而platform和codec是声卡的附属部件

#1. struct snd_soc_card

soc声卡用这个结构体来表示

struct snd_soc_card {
	const char *name;
	const char *long_name;
	const char *driver_name;
	struct device *dev;
	struct snd_card *snd_card;--------------------card结构体，最终是要注册card
	struct module *owner;

	struct list_head list;
	struct mutex mutex;
	struct mutex dapm_mutex;

	bool instantiated;

	int (*probe)(struct snd_soc_card *card);
	int (*late_probe)(struct snd_soc_card *card);
	int (*remove)(struct snd_soc_card *card);

	/* the pre and post PM functions are used to do any PM work before and
	 * after the codec and DAI's do any PM work. */
	int (*suspend_pre)(struct snd_soc_card *card);
	int (*suspend_post)(struct snd_soc_card *card);
	int (*resume_pre)(struct snd_soc_card *card);
	int (*resume_post)(struct snd_soc_card *card);

	/* callbacks */
	int (*set_bias_level)(struct snd_soc_card *,
			      struct snd_soc_dapm_context *dapm,
			      enum snd_soc_bias_level level);
	int (*set_bias_level_post)(struct snd_soc_card *,
				   struct snd_soc_dapm_context *dapm,
				   enum snd_soc_bias_level level);

	long pmdown_time;

	/* CPU <--> Codec DAI links  */----------------附属部件链接表
	struct snd_soc_dai_link *dai_link;
	int num_links;
	struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd;
	int num_rtd;

	/* optional codec specific configuration */
	struct snd_soc_codec_conf *codec_conf;
	int num_configs;

	/*
	 * optional auxiliary devices such as amplifiers or codecs with DAI
	 * link unused
	 */
	struct snd_soc_aux_dev *aux_dev;
	int num_aux_devs;
	struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd_aux;
	int num_aux_rtd;

	const struct snd_kcontrol_new *controls;
	int num_controls;

	/*
	 * Card-specific routes and widgets.----------------------DAPM内容
	 */
	const struct snd_soc_dapm_widget *dapm_widgets;
	int num_dapm_widgets;
	const struct snd_soc_dapm_route *dapm_routes;
	int num_dapm_routes;
	bool fully_routed;

	struct work_struct deferred_resume_work;

	/* lists of probed devices belonging to this card */--------附属部件链表
	struct list_head codec_dev_list;
	struct list_head platform_dev_list;
	struct list_head dai_dev_list;

	struct list_head widgets;
	struct list_head paths;
	struct list_head dapm_list;
	struct list_head dapm_dirty;

	/* Generic DAPM context for the card */---------------DAPM内容
	struct snd_soc_dapm_context dapm;
	struct snd_soc_dapm_stats dapm_stats;

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
	struct dentry *debugfs_card_root;
	struct dentry *debugfs_pop_time;
#endif
	u32 pop_time;

	void *drvdata;
};

#2. card注册

声卡的注册函数

int snd_soc_register_card(struct snd_soc_card *card);

注册流程如下：

• A：绑定系统中相关的platform/cedec
• B：声卡对象的创建
• C：声卡注册
• control：这是control相关的一些初始化函数

#3. 扫描platform/codec设备

##3.1 struct snd_soc_dai_link

进行声卡注册前，首先要把下面这个结构体完善，里面各个字段所对应的信息下图所示

struct snd_soc_dai_link {
	/* config - must be set by machine driver */
	const char *name;			/* Codec name */
	const char *stream_name;		/* Stream name */
	/*
	 * You MAY specify the link's CPU-side device, either by device name,
	 * or by DT/OF node, but not both. If this information is omitted,
	 * the CPU-side DAI is matched using .cpu_dai_name only, which hence
	 * must be globally unique. These fields are currently typically used
	 * only for codec to codec links, or systems using device tree.
	 */
	const char *cpu_name;
	const struct device_node *cpu_of_node;
	/*
	 * You MAY specify the DAI name of the CPU DAI. If this information is
	 * omitted, the CPU-side DAI is matched using .cpu_name/.cpu_of_node
	 * only, which only works well when that device exposes a single DAI.
	 */
	const char *cpu_dai_name;
	/*
	 * You MUST specify the link's codec, either by device name, or by
	 * DT/OF node, but not both.
	 */
	const char *codec_name;
	const struct device_node *codec_of_node;
	/* You MUST specify the DAI name within the codec */
	const char *codec_dai_name;
	/*
	 * You MAY specify the link's platform/PCM/DMA driver, either by
	 * device name, or by DT/OF node, but not both. Some forms of link
	 * do not need a platform.
	 */
	const char *platform_name;
	const struct device_node *platform_of_node;
	int be_id;	/* optional ID for machine driver BE identification */

	const struct snd_soc_pcm_stream *params;

	unsigned int dai_fmt;           /* format to set on init */

	enum snd_soc_dpcm_trigger trigger[2]; /* trigger type for DPCM */

	/* Keep DAI active over suspend */
	unsigned int ignore_suspend:1;

	/* Symmetry requirements */
	unsigned int symmetric_rates:1;

	/* Do not create a PCM for this DAI link (Backend link) */
	unsigned int no_pcm:1;

	/* This DAI link can route to other DAI links at runtime (Frontend)*/
	unsigned int dynamic:1;

	/* pmdown_time is ignored at stop */
	unsigned int ignore_pmdown_time:1;

	/* codec/machine specific init - e.g. add machine controls */
	int (*init)(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd);

	/* optional hw_params re-writing for BE and FE sync */
	int (*be_hw_params_fixup)(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd,
			struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params);

	/* machine stream operations */
	const struct snd_soc_ops *ops;
	const struct snd_soc_compr_ops *compr_ops;
};

#3.2 遍历设备：soc_bind_dai_link

函数soc_bind_dai_link用来遍历系统中的设备

static int soc_bind_dai_link(struct snd_soc_card *card, int num)
{
	struct snd_soc_dai_link *dai_link = &card->dai_link[num];
	struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd = &card->rtd[num];
	struct snd_soc_codec *codec;
	struct snd_soc_platform *platform;
	struct snd_soc_dai *codec_dai, *cpu_dai;
	const char *platform_name;

	dev_dbg(card->dev, "ASoC: binding %s at idx %d\n", dai_link->name, num);

	/* Find CPU DAI from registered DAIs*/--------从dai_list链表寻找cpu-codec
	list_for_each_entry(cpu_dai, &dai_list, list) {
		if (dai_link->cpu_of_node &&
		    (cpu_dai->dev->of_node != dai_link->cpu_of_node))
			continue;
		if (dai_link->cpu_name &&
		    strcmp(dev_name(cpu_dai->dev), dai_link->cpu_name))
			continue;
		if (dai_link->cpu_dai_name &&
		    strcmp(cpu_dai->name, dai_link->cpu_dai_name))
			continue;

		rtd->cpu_dai = cpu_dai;
	}

	if (!rtd->cpu_dai) {
		dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: CPU DAI %s not registered\n",
			dai_link->cpu_dai_name);
		return -EPROBE_DEFER;
	}

	/* Find CODEC from registered CODECs */--------从codec_list链表找寻codec
	list_for_each_entry(codec, &codec_list, list) {
		if (dai_link->codec_of_node) {
			if (codec->dev->of_node != dai_link->codec_of_node)
				continue;
		} else {
			if (strcmp(codec->name, dai_link->codec_name))
				continue;
		}

		rtd->codec = codec;

		/*
		 * CODEC found, so find CODEC DAI from registered DAIs from
		 * this CODEC
		 */
		list_for_each_entry(codec_dai, &dai_list, list) {
			if (codec->dev == codec_dai->dev &&
				!strcmp(codec_dai->name,
					dai_link->codec_dai_name)) {

				rtd->codec_dai = codec_dai;
			}
		}

		if (!rtd->codec_dai) {
			dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: CODEC DAI %s not registered\n",
				dai_link->codec_dai_name);
			return -EPROBE_DEFER;
		}
	}

	if (!rtd->codec) {
		dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: CODEC %s not registered\n",
			dai_link->codec_name);
		return -EPROBE_DEFER;
	}

	/* if there's no platform we match on the empty platform */
	platform_name = dai_link->platform_name;
	if (!platform_name && !dai_link->platform_of_node)
		platform_name = "snd-soc-dummy";

	/* find one from the set of registered platforms */------从platform_list找寻platform
	list_for_each_entry(platform, &platform_list, list) {
		if (dai_link->platform_of_node) {
			if (platform->dev->of_node !=
			    dai_link->platform_of_node)
				continue;
		} else {
			if (strcmp(platform->name, platform_name))
				continue;
		}

		rtd->platform = platform;
	}
	if (!rtd->platform) {
		dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: platform %s not registered\n",
			dai_link->platform_name);
		return -EPROBE_DEFER;
	}

	card->num_rtd++;

	return 0;
}

#4.soc-pcm设备注册

在card注册时候，soc_probe_link_dais中会进行soc-pcm的注册，注册函数为：

int soc_new_pcm(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd, int num)
{
	struct snd_soc_platform *platform = rtd->platform;
	struct snd_soc_dai *codec_dai = rtd->codec_dai;
	struct snd_soc_dai *cpu_dai = rtd->cpu_dai;
	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
	char new_name[64];
	int ret = 0, playback = 0, capture = 0;

	if (rtd->dai_link->dynamic || rtd->dai_link->no_pcm) {
		if (cpu_dai->driver->playback.channels_min)
			playback = 1;
		if (cpu_dai->driver->capture.channels_min)
			capture = 1;
	} else {
		if (codec_dai->driver->playback.channels_min &&
		    cpu_dai->driver->playback.channels_min)
			playback = 1;
		if (codec_dai->driver->capture.channels_min &&
		    cpu_dai->driver->capture.channels_min)
			capture = 1;
	}

	/* create the PCM */
	if (rtd->dai_link->no_pcm) {
		snprintf(new_name, sizeof(new_name), "(%s)",
			rtd->dai_link->stream_name);

		ret = snd_pcm_new_internal(rtd->card->snd_card, new_name, num,
				playback, capture, &pcm);
	} else {
		if (rtd->dai_link->dynamic)
			snprintf(new_name, sizeof(new_name), "%s (*)",
				rtd->dai_link->stream_name);
		else
			snprintf(new_name, sizeof(new_name), "%s %s-%d",
				rtd->dai_link->stream_name, codec_dai->name, num);

		ret = snd_pcm_new(rtd->card->snd_card, new_name, num, playback,
			capture, &pcm);--------------创建pcm设备到card中，之后会进行pcm设备注册
	}
	if (ret < 0) {
		dev_err(rtd->card->dev, "ASoC: can't create pcm for %s\n",
			rtd->dai_link->name);
		return ret;
	}
	dev_dbg(rtd->card->dev, "ASoC: registered pcm #%d %s\n",num, new_name);

	/* DAPM dai link stream work */
	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&rtd->delayed_work, close_delayed_work);

	rtd->pcm = pcm;
	pcm->private_data = rtd;------pcm和soc-pcm的纽带

	if (rtd->dai_link->no_pcm) {
		if (playback)
			pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].substream->private_data = rtd;
		if (capture)
			pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE].substream->private_data = rtd;
		goto out;
	}

	/* ASoC PCM operations */
	if (rtd->dai_link->dynamic) {
		rtd->ops.open		= dpcm_fe_dai_open;
		rtd->ops.hw_params	= dpcm_fe_dai_hw_params;
		rtd->ops.prepare	= dpcm_fe_dai_prepare;
		rtd->ops.trigger	= dpcm_fe_dai_trigger;
		rtd->ops.hw_free	= dpcm_fe_dai_hw_free;
		rtd->ops.close		= dpcm_fe_dai_close;
		rtd->ops.pointer	= soc_pcm_pointer;
		rtd->ops.ioctl		= soc_pcm_ioctl;
	} else {
		rtd->ops.open		= soc_pcm_open;
		rtd->ops.hw_params	= soc_pcm_hw_params;
		rtd->ops.prepare	= soc_pcm_prepare;
		rtd->ops.trigger	= soc_pcm_trigger;
		rtd->ops.hw_free	= soc_pcm_hw_free;
		rtd->ops.close		= soc_pcm_close;
		rtd->ops.pointer	= soc_pcm_pointer;
		rtd->ops.ioctl		= soc_pcm_ioctl;
	}

	if (platform->driver->ops) {
		rtd->ops.ack		= platform->driver->ops->ack;
		rtd->ops.copy		= platform->driver->ops->copy;
		rtd->ops.silence	= platform->driver->ops->silence;
		rtd->ops.page		= platform->driver->ops->page;
		rtd->ops.mmap		= platform->driver->ops->mmap;
	}

	if (playback)
		snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &rtd->ops);-------soc-pcm设备的操作函数赋值给pcm

	if (capture)
		snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &rtd->ops);

	if (platform->driver->pcm_new) {
		ret = platform->driver->pcm_new(rtd);
		if (ret < 0) {
			dev_err(platform->dev,
				"ASoC: pcm constructor failed: %d\n",
				ret);
			return ret;
		}
	}

	pcm->private_free = platform->driver->pcm_free;
out:
	dev_info(rtd->card->dev, " %s <-> %s mapping ok\n", codec_dai->name,
		cpu_dai->name);
	return ret;
}

在ASoC层的soc-pcm只是对pcm进行了再次’封装‘，最终还是要进行pcm设备的注册

##4.1soc-pcm执行流程

pcm设备的执行过程大致为：
先找到字符设备，然后在open的过程中找到private_data，这个字段是一个结构体snd_pcm_file，里面主要的字段是一个结构体snd_pcm_substream，这样就从一个字符设备过度到pcm结构层。soc-pcm会在pcm层上进一步封装，封装为一个机构体snd_soc_pcm_runtime，在soc-pcm注册的时候，会把其ops操作函数赋值给pcm，这样就从pcm过度到soc-pcm了，相关过程如上面的函数soc_new_pcm中所示。
我们来看一下pcm-ops中一个操作hw_params：

static int soc_pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
				struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
{
	struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd = substream->private_data;
	struct snd_soc_platform *platform = rtd->platform;
	struct snd_soc_dai *cpu_dai = rtd->cpu_dai;
	struct snd_soc_dai *codec_dai = rtd->codec_dai;
	int ret = 0;

	mutex_lock_nested(&rtd->pcm_mutex, rtd->pcm_subclass);

	if (rtd->dai_link->ops && rtd->dai_link->ops->hw_params) {
		ret = rtd->dai_link->ops->hw_params(substream, params);
		if (ret < 0) {
			dev_err(rtd->card->dev, "ASoC: machine hw_params"
				" failed: %d\n", ret);
			goto out;
		}
	}

	if (codec_dai->driver->ops->hw_params) {
		ret = codec_dai->driver->ops->hw_params(substream, params, codec_dai);
		if (ret < 0) {
			dev_err(codec_dai->dev, "ASoC: can't set %s hw params:"
				" %d\n", codec_dai->name, ret);
			goto codec_err;
		}
	}

	if (cpu_dai->driver->ops->hw_params) {
		ret = cpu_dai->driver->ops->hw_params(substream, params, cpu_dai);
		if (ret < 0) {
			dev_err(cpu_dai->dev, "ASoC: %s hw params failed: %d\n",
				cpu_dai->name, ret);
			goto interface_err;
		}
	}

	if (platform->driver->ops && platform->driver->ops->hw_params) {
		ret = platform->driver->ops->hw_params(substream, params);
		if (ret < 0) {
			dev_err(platform->dev, "ASoC: %s hw params failed: %d\n",
			       platform->name, ret);
			goto platform_err;
		}
	}

	/* store the rate for each DAIs */
	cpu_dai->rate = params_rate(params);
	codec_dai->rate = params_rate(params);

out:
	mutex_unlock(&rtd->pcm_mutex);
	return ret;

platform_err:
	if (cpu_dai->driver->ops->hw_free)
		cpu_dai->driver->ops->hw_free(substream, cpu_dai);

interface_err:
	if (codec_dai->driver->ops->hw_free)
		codec_dai->driver->ops->hw_free(substream, codec_dai);

codec_err:
	if (rtd->dai_link->ops && rtd->dai_link->ops->hw_free)
		rtd->dai_link->ops->hw_free(substream);

	mutex_unlock(&rtd->pcm_mutex);
	return ret;
}

可以看到，执行的过程依次为：codec_dai->cpu_dai->platform。其他比如trigger/prepare/hw_free等都是类似的过程。

ref

version	date
linux4.1	2018.2.1