Hive 之集合数据类型实操(侧窗口函数的运用(lateral view)) (8)

一  集合数据类型有 : 

1)  array   数组
2)  map     (K,V形式)
3)  struct  (结构体,对象)

二  数据源

name    ,    friends  ,   children                  ,address.street/city
songsong,bingbing_lili,xiao song:18_xiaoxiao song:19,hui long guan_beijing
yangyang,caicai_susu,xiao yang:18_xiaoxiao yang:19,chao yang_beijing

三  集合的建表操作

1  array 集合的创建 ,将结构化数据插入到 /root/hive/ 目录下,变成静态文件

[root@linux03 hive]# vi person.txt
[root@linux03 hive]# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 144 Sep  4 19:13 person.txt

2  在 hive 上创建表格(有 array ,map ,struct 结构体的表格) ,加载数据并查询

------建表-------- 一张表中有三种集合来处理不同形式的数据
 0: jdbc:hive2://linux03:10000>
create table tb_conllection(
name string,
friends array<string>,
children map<string,int>,
address struct<street:string,city:string>
)
row format delimited fields terminated by ","
collection items terminated by "_"            ---array 数组(朋友用数组装)
map keys terminated by ":"             ----map 集合(孩子用map集合装, kv 格式)
lines terminated by "\n";         ----struct结构体(地址用 struct 结构体装,方便查询)

------加载数据
load data local inpath "/root/hive/person.txt" into table tb_conllection;

-----查询数据
 0: jdbc:hive2://linux03:10000> select * from tb_conllection; 
+----------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| tb_conllection.name  | tb_conllection.friends  |       tb_conllection.children        |            tb_conllection.address            |
+----------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| songsong             | ["bingbing","lili"]     | {"xiao song":18,"xiaoxiao song":19}  | {"street":"hui long guan","city":"beijing"}  |
| yangyang             | ["caicai","susu"]       | {"xiao yang":18,"xiaoxiao yang":19}  | {"street":"chao yang","city":"beijing"}      |
+----------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+

四   需求的实现

1  需求 1 : 将两个人的第一位好友和第二位好友找出来

select
name,
friends[0] first_fs,
friends[1] second_fs,
friends[2] tr
from
tb_conllection;
+-----------+-----------+------------+-------+
|   name    | first_fs  | second_fs  |  tr   |
+-----------+-----------+------------+-------+
| songsong  | bingbing  | lili       | NULL  |
| yangyang  | caicai    | susu       | NULL  |
+-----------+-----------+------------+-------+

2  需求 2 : 查看好友中有 bingbing 的用户

select
name,
array_contains(friends,"bingbing")
from
tb_conllection;
+-----------+--------+
|   name    |  _c1   |
+-----------+--------+
| songsong  | true   |-----代表有
| yangyang  | false  |-----代表无
+-----------+--------+

3  需求 3 : 查看用户好友个数和孩子个数

length(字符串)  查看字符串的长度
size(集合)      查看集合的长度
select
name,
size(friends) friends_size,
size(children) children_size
from
tb_conllection;
+-----------+---------------+----------------+
|   name    | friends_size  | children_size  |
+-----------+---------------+----------------+
| songsong  | 2             | 2              |
| yangyang  | 2             | 2              |
+-----------+---------------+----------------+

4  需求 4 : 将好友数组进行排序 sorted_array(只能升序排序)

select
name,
sort_array(friends) fs_array
from
tb_conllection;
+-----------+----------------------+
|   name    |  fs_array    
+-----------+----------------------+
| songsong  |  ["bingbing","lili"] |  根据ASCLL码进行升序排序
| yangyang  |  ["caicai","susu"]   |
+-----------+----------------------+

5  explode(数组/map集合)的运用,将map集合里面的元素以 KV 的形式展示出来

select
explode(children)
from
tb_conllection
where
name = "songsong";
+----------------+--------+
|      key       | value  |  {"xiao song":18,"xiaoxiao song":19}==>children  map集合
+----------------+--------+
| xiao song      | 18     |
| xiaoxiao song  | 19     |
+----------------+--------+

select
explode(friends)
from
tb_conllection
where
name = "songsong";
+-----------+
|    col    |     ["bingbing","lili"] ==> friends  array数组
+-----------+
| bingbing  |
| lili      |
+-----------+

6  map_keys(map集合)[i] 的使用 : 将map集合里面的指定index 的 key 取出来

select
name,
map_keys(children)[0] key1
from
tb_conllection
where
name = "songsong";
+-----------+------------+
|   name    |    key1     |
+-----------+------------+
| songsong  | xiao song  |
+-----------+------------+

7  map_values(map集合)/[i] 的使用 : 将map集合里面指定index或者未指定 的values 取出来

select
name,
map_values(children) value  ==>这里的别名不能使用 values ,否者会报错提示无法识别  未指定index
from
tb_conllection
where
name = "songsong";
+-----------+----------+
|   name    |  value   |
+-----------+----------+
| songsong  | [18,19]  |
+-----------+----------+

select
name,
map_values(children)[0] value   ===>指定 index 的value值
from
tb_conllection
where
name = "songsong";
+-----------+--------+
|   name    | value  |
+-----------+--------+
| songsong  | 18     |
+-----------+--------+

8  将children map集合中孩子是"xiao song"的对应value值取出来

select
name,
children["xiao song"] xs_age  
from
tb_conllection;
+-----------+---------+
|   name    | xs_age  |
+-----------+---------+
| songsong  | 18      |
| yangyang  | NULL    |
+-----------+---------+

因为不确定那个人有这个孩子 ,所以无法根据名字字段做过滤处理,没有做过滤的话会将空字符串一起打印出来,
所以要对查询出来的结果的空字符串做过滤处理 ,需要用到嵌套子查询 (注: 嵌套子查询没有别名会报错)

select
*
from
(select
name,
children["xiao song"] xs_age  
from
tb_conllection)t
where
xs_age is not null;
+-----------+-----------+
|  t.name   | t.xs_age  |
+-----------+-----------+
| songsong  | 18        |
+-----------+-----------+

9   struct 结构体的取值

select
name,
address.city,
address.street
from
tb_conllection;
+-----------+----------+----------------+
|   name    |   city   |     street     |
+-----------+----------+----------------+
| songsong  | beijing  | hui long guan  |
| yangyang  | beijing  | chao yang      |
+-----------+----------+----------------+

五  侧窗口函数的运用(lateral view)

1  需求1 : 将好友 friends 数组转为列 ,与用户一一对应

步骤1 : 将friends array数组的元素都展示出来
select explode(friends) from tb_conllection;

步骤2 : 将名字单独找出来 
select name from tb_conllection;
+-----------+    +-----------+
|    col    |    | songsong  |
+-----------+    | yangyang  |
| bingbing  |    |           |
| lili      |    +-----------+
| caicai    |
| susu      |
+-----------+ 

步骤3 : 然后将数组展示的表和这个表拼接起来
select
name,
arr(写 col ,与下字段对应)
from
tb_conllection      ==> 表1
lateral view
explode(friends) tmp as arr(或者写 col);  ==> tmp 为炸裂展示数据的临时虚拟表2 ,arr 为展示的炸裂的这个字段
+-----------+-----------+
|   name    |  arr/col  | ==> 这个字段是自定义的 ,也可以是 friend
+-----------+-----------+
| songsong  | bingbing  |
| songsong  | lili      |
| yangyang  | caicai    |
| yangyang  | susu      |
+-----------+-----------+

源数据
select name,friends from tb_conllection;
+-----------+----------------------+
|   name    |       friends        |
+-----------+----------------------+
| songsong  | ["bingbing","lili"]  |
| yangyang  | ["caicai","susu"]    |
+-----------+----------------------+

2    将 children集合里面的元素展示出来(以列的形式)

select
name,
cname,cage
from
tb_conllection
lateral view
explode(children) tmp as cname,cage;
+-----------+----------------+-------+
|   name    |     cname      | cage  | ==>cname,cage分别是孩子的名字和年龄 ,也可以用map的 k,v 代替
+-----------+----------------+-------+
| songsong  | xiao song      | 18    |
| songsong  | xiaoxiao song  | 19    |
| yangyang  | xiao yang      | 18    |
| yangyang  | xiaoxiao yang  | 19    |
+-----------+----------------+-------+