Struts2与serlvet解耦

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-22 16:07:57 发布

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分类专栏： Struts2 SSH框架文章标签： struts2

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与Servlet API解耦的访问方式

为了避免与 Servlet API 耦合在一起, 方便 Action 做单元测试, Struts2 对 HttpServletRequest, HttpSession 和 ServletContext 进行了封装, 构造了 3 个 Map 对象来替代这 3 个对象, 在 Action 中可以直接使用 HttpServletRequest, HttpSession, ServletContext 对应的 Map 对象来保存和读取数据.

访问request/session/application对象

方法一:通过ServletActionContext类直接获取

ActionContext 是 Action 执行的上下文对象, 在 ActionContext 中保存了 Action 执行所需要的所有对象, 包括 parameters, request, session, application 等.
获取 HttpServletRequest 对应的 Map 对象:
- public Object get(Object key): ActionContext 类中没有提供类似 getRequest() 这样的方法来获取 HttpServletRequest 对应的 Map 对象. 要得到 HttpServletRequest 对应的 Map 对象, 可以通过为 get() 方法传递 “request” 参数实现
获取 HttpSession 对应的 Map 对象:
- public Map getSession()
获取 ServletContext 对应的 Map 对象:
- public Map getApplication()

ContextAction文件:

package cn.itcast.context;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class ContextAction extends ActionSupport {

    public String test(){
        System.out.println("ContextAction *********** test()");

        HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
        request.setAttribute("username", "username_request");

        HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();

        Map sessionMap = ServletActionContext.getContext().getSession();
        sessionMap.put("username", "username_session");

        ServletContext sc = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
        sc.setAttribute("username", "username_application");

        return "attr";
    }

}

struts_context.xml配置:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
    <package name="context" namespace="/context" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="contextAction_test" class="cn.itcast.context.ContextAction" method="test">
            <result name="success">/context/success.jsp</result>
            <result name="attr">/context/attr.jsp</result>
        </action>

    </package>
</struts>

struts.xml配置

<include file="cn/itcast/context/struts_context.xml"></include>

jsp页面:
test.jsp

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags"   prefix="s"%>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
    </head>
  <body>
      <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/context/contextAction_test.action">testContext</a><br>
      <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/context/contextAction02_test.action">testContext</a><br>
  </body>
</html>

attr.jsp

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags"   prefix="s"%>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
  </head>
  <body>
    ${requestScope.username}<br>
    ${sessionScope.username}<br>
    ${applicationScope.username}<br>
  </body>
</html>

测试：
这里写图片描述

方法二:实现指定接口，由struts框架运行时注入

Action 类通过可以实现某些特定的接口, 让Struts2 框架在运行时向 Action 实例注入 parameters, request, session 和 application 对应的 Map 对象:

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
import org.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware;

ContextAction02 文件

package cn.itcast.context;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
import org.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class ContextAction02 extends ActionSupport 
    implements ServletRequestAware, ServletResponseAware, ServletContextAware, SessionAware{

    HttpServletRequest request;

    HttpServletResponse response;

    Map sessionMap;

    ServletContext sc;

    public String test(){
        System.out.println("ContextAction *********** test()");

        request.setAttribute("username", "username_request");

        sessionMap.put("username", "username_session");

        sc.setAttribute("username", "username_application");


        return "attr";
    }

    public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
        this.sessionMap = session;

    }

    public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {
        this.sc = context;

    }

    public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
        this.response = response;

    }

    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        this.request = request;

    }

}

struts_context.xml配置:

<action name="contextAction02_test" class="cn.itcast.context.ContextAction02" method="test">
            <result name="attr">/context/attr.jsp</result>
        </action>

测试：
这里写图片描述