下面的程序说明子父类中成员变量的构造顺序
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输出结果:
SupConstruction constructed!
Con 0
con
Construction constructed 9
其中的Con 0说明在此时i已经被声明,并且被赋上初值(或者说该变量所占的内存空间被清空)。同时也说明i=9,还没有被执行。上面程序的顺序是这样的:当new 一个Construction的时候,调用Construction的构造函数。然后进入父类的构造函数。而在进入Construction的构造函数之前或许int i已经被执行(这点以后还会说明为什么),但i=9没有被执行。进入父类的构造函数函数后打印SupConstruction constructed!,然后调用自己的虚方法。因为多态的机制,函数将调用子类的同名方法。在那里打印Con 0。然后返回到父类打印con,再返回子类的构造函数打印Construction constructed 9。结束构造。
下面讲讲为什么说进入Construction的构造函数之前或许int i已经被执行。看下面的例子:
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打印结果:
Static block t2:4
Static Method:t2:4
nonstatic,t1:3t2:9
Construct:t1:3t2:9
这说明在执行构造函数之前nonstatic块就已经被执行。而且看出了初始化顺序static变量->static块->非static变量->非static块->构造函数。但是不是真的是这样?看下面的例子:
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打印结果:
Life.java:24: 无法在调用父类型构造函数之前引用 t1
super(t1);
^
1 错误
可惜编译的时候就报错。然后将 super(t1);改为 super(t2)编译运行成功。
这说明在调用父类构造函数前,子类的t1并没有声明并被缺省初始化。然后对于第一个程序在子类Construction 中添加非静态块打印i;得到打印结果:
SupConstruction constructed!
Con 0
con
9
Construction constructed 9
这就道出了真正的构造顺序:(结合static只属于类的经验)
加载class路径->static变量初始化->static块->进入子类构造函数->进入父类构造函数->父类虚方法下传->子类非static变量声明并清空相应的内存空间->多态机制,子类同名函数调用->父类构造函数退出->子类非static变量赋值->子类非static块调用->子类构造函数退出->对象构造完成。