首先搞清楚一个问题:Runnable和Thread的区别
在java中可有两种方式实现多线程。a、继承Thread类,b、实现Runnable接口;
a方式只能继承一个父类,b方式避免单继承的局限,一个类可以继承多个接口。
b方式适合于资源的共享。
重点讲解一下资源共享。以卖票程序为例
class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private int ticket = 10;
public synchronized void upTicket() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+",ticket:" + ticket);
ticket--;
}
public void run() {
while(ticket>0) {
upTicket();
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
class MyThread extends Thread {
private int ticket = 10;
public synchronized void upTicket() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+",ticket:" + ticket);
ticket--;
}
public void run() {
while(ticket>0) {
upTicket();
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public void testRunnable() {
MyRunnable mr = new MyRunnable();
new Thread(mr).start();
new Thread(mr).start();
new Thread(mr).start();
}
public void testThread() {
MyThread t1 = new MyThread();
t1.start();
MyThread t2 = new MyThread();
t2.start();
MyThread t3 = new MyThread();
t3.start();
}
testRunnable()方法打印结果:
Thread-0,ticket:10
Thread-2,ticket:9
Thread-1,ticket:8
Thread-2,ticket:7
Thread-0,ticket:6
Thread-1,ticket:5
Thread-2,ticket:4
Thread-0,ticket:3
Thread-1,ticket:2
Thread-0,ticket:1
Thread-2,ticket:0
testThread()方法打印结果:
Thread-1,ticket:10
Thread-1,ticket:9
Thread-2,ticket:10
Thread-2,ticket:9
Thread-1,ticket:8
Thread-0,ticket:10
Thread-2,ticket:8
Thread-1,ticket:7
Thread-0,ticket:9
Thread-2,ticket:7
Thread-1,ticket:6
Thread-0,ticket:8
Thread-1,ticket:5
Thread-2,ticket:6
Thread-2,ticket:5
Thread-1,ticket:4
Thread-0,ticket:7
Thread-2,ticket:4
Thread-1,ticket:3
Thread-0,ticket:6
Thread-1,ticket:2
Thread-0,ticket:5
Thread-2,ticket:3
Thread-1,ticket:1
Thread-0,ticket:4
Thread-2,ticket:2
Thread-0,ticket:3
Thread-2,ticket:1
Thread-0,ticket:2
Thread-0,ticket:1
从结果可以分析出:
testThread() 每个线程都各卖了10张,共卖了30张票,没有达到资源共享
testRunnable() 虽然现在程序中有三个线程,但是一共卖了10张票,也就是说使用Runnable实现多线程可以达到资源共享目的。
关键问题:多个线程是同时访问同一个对象还是多个对象。
synchronized当它用来修饰一个方法或者一个代码块的时候,能够保证在同一时刻最多只有一个线程执行该段代码。
看下面的代码:
class Sync {
public synchronized void go() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+",begin..");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+",end..");
}
}
class MyRunnable implements Runnable{
public void run() {
Sync sync = new Sync();
sync.go();
}
}
public class ThreadTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
MyRunnable runnable = new MyRunnable();
new Thread(runnable).start();
}
}
}
运行结果:
Thread-2,begin..
Thread-0,begin..
Thread-1,begin..
Thread-0,end..
Thread-1,end..
Thread-2,end..
但是还是同时运行起来,貌似synchronized没起作用。
所以:synchronized(this)以及非static的synchronized方法。只能防止多个线程同时执行同一个对象的这个代码段。注意:是同一个对象哦。
改进:
class Sync {
public synchronized void go() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",begin..");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",end..");
}
}
class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private Sync sync;
public MyRunnable(Sync sync) {
this.sync = sync;
}
public void run() {
sync.go();
}
}
public class ThreadTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Sync sync = new Sync();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
MyRunnable runnable = new MyRunnable(sync);
new Thread(runnable).start();
}
}
}
运行结果:
Thread-0,begin..
Thread-0,end..
Thread-2,begin..
Thread-2,end..
Thread-1,begin..
Thread-1,end..
可以看到,此时的synchronized方法和synchronized代码段就都起了作用。
那么,如果真的想锁住这段代码,要怎么做?也就是,如果还是最开始的那段代码,每个线程new一个Sync对象,怎么才能让go方法不会被多线程执行。
解决也很简单,只要锁住同一个对象不就行了。例如,synchronized后的括号中锁一个static final对象,这样就行了。这样是没问题,但是,比较多的做法是让synchronized锁这个类对应的Class对象。
class Sync {
public void go() {
synchronized (Sync.class) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",begin..");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",end..");
}
}
}
class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
public void run() {
Sync sync = new Sync();
sync.go();
}
}
public class ThreadTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
MyRunnable runnable = new MyRunnable();
new Thread(runnable).start();
}
}
}
运行结果:
Thread-0,begin..
Thread-0,end..
Thread-1,begin..
Thread-1,end..
Thread-2,begin..
Thread-2,end..
最后说说static synchronized,实际上static方法可以直接类名加方法名调用,方法里面没有this这个概念,所以,static synchronized方法也相当于全局锁,相当于锁住了代码段。