重载自增++和自减--运算符

1.重载++和–运算符

• 自增++和自减–都是一元运算符，它的前置形式和后置形式都可以被重载。请看下面的例子：

      #include "iostream"
      #include "iomanip"
  
      using namespace std;
  
      // 时间类
      class times{
          public:
              times():m_min(0), m_sec(0){};
          public:
              void set_zero(){m_min = 0; m_sec = 0;}
              times run();  // 运行
              times operator++();  // 前置++
              times operator++(int n);  // 后置++,在这个函数中参数n是没有任何意义的，它的存在只是为了区分是前置形式还是后置形式
              friend ostream & operator<< (ostream &out, const times &t);
          private:
              int m_min;
              int m_sec;
      };
  
      times times::run(){
          ++m_sec;
          if(m_sec == 60){
              m_min++;
              m_sec = 0;
          }
          return *this; 
      }
  
      times times::operator++(){
          return run();
      }
  
      times times::operator++(int n){
          times t = *this;
          run();
          return t;  // 对象本身
      }
  
      ostream & operator<< (ostream &out, const times &t){
          out << setfill('0') << setw(2) << t.m_min << ":" << setw(2) << t.m_sec;
          return out;
      }
  
  
  
  
      int main(){
          times t1, t2;
          t1 = t2++;
  
          cout << "t1: "<< t1 <<endl;
          cout << "t2: "<< t2 <<endl;
          t1.set_zero();
          t2.set_zero();
          t1 = ++t2;
          cout << "t1: "<< t1 <<endl;
          cout << "t2: "<< t2 <<endl;
  
          return 0;
      }