exercise 43 基本的面向对象分析和设计

用python面向对象编程的过程（一般可以这么用，不一定所有问题都是这个思路解决）

1.Write or draw about the problem. 写下或画出问题

2.Extract key concepts from 1 and research them.从1开始提取关键概念并研究他们

3.Create a class hierarchy and object map for the concepts. 为概念创造类的层次结构和对象映射

4.Code the classes and a test to run them. 编写类和测试的程序 然后运行它们

5.重复和精炼

看待这个过程的方式是，它是“自上而下”，意味着它从非常抽象的宽松的想法开始，然后缓慢地精炼它，直到想法是站得住脚的，你可以编写的东西。

There's a simple trick to doing this: Simply make a list of all thenouns andverbs in your writing and drawings, then write out how they're related. This gives me a good list of names for classes, objects, and functions in the next step. I take this list of concepts and then research any that I don't understand so I can refine them further if I needed.

有一个简单的窍门：只需在你的写作和绘图中列出所有名词和动词，然后写出它们之间的关系。这给了我下一步所需要类，对象和函数的一个很好的序列。我拿这个概念列表，然后研究任何我不明白的地方，需要的话我可以进一步精炼。

Once I have my list of concepts I create a simple outline/tree of the concepts and how they are related as classes. You can usually take your list of nouns and start asking "Is this one like other concept nouns? That means they have a common parent class, so what is it called?" Keep doing this until you have a class hierarchy that's just a simple tree list or a diagram. Then take theverbs you have and see if those are function names for each class and put them in your tree.

一旦我有我的概念列表，我创建一个简单的概述/树的概念，以及它们如何作为类关联的。你通常可以拿你的名词列表，开始问“这是否像其他概念名词？这意味着他们有一个共同的父类，所以它叫什么？继续这样做，直到有一个类层次结构，只是一个简单的树列表或图表。然后拿出你的动词，看看这些是每个类的函数名，并把它们放在你的树上。

With this class hierarchy figured out, I sit down and write some basic skeleton code that has just the classes, their functions, and nothing more. I then write a test that runs this code and makes sure the classes I've made make sense and work right. Sometimes I may write the test first though, and other times I might write a little test, a little code, a little test, etc. until I have the whole thing built.

有了这个类层次结构，我坐下来，写一些基本的框架代码，只有类，它们的功能，没有更多。然后我写一个运行这段代码的测试，并确保我所做的类有意义和工作正确。有时我可能会写测试首先，而其他时候，我可能会写一个小测试，一点代码，一点点测试等，直到我有整个事情建成。

Finally, I keep cycling over this process repeating it and refining as I go and making it as clear as I can before doing more implementation. If I get stuck at any particular part because of a concept or problem I haven't anticipated, then I sit down and start the process over on just that part to figure it out more before continuing.

I will now go through this process while coming up with a game engine and a game for this exercise.

最后，我继续循环这个过程重复它，在我可以实现它之前，精炼它使它的足够清晰。 如果我因为概念或问题被一个特定的没有预料到的部分卡住，那么我就坐下来，在继续之前弄清楚开始处理这个问题。

我现在将通过这个过程，同时提出一个游戏引擎和游戏的这个练习。

The Analysis of a Simple Game Engine

Here are the general steps you follow to do this:

1. Take a small piece of the problem; hack on some code and get it to run barely.
2. Refine the code into something more formal with classes and automated tests.
3. Extract the key concepts you're using and try to find research for them.
4. Write a description of what's really going on.
5. Go back and refine the code, possibly throwing it out and starting over.
6. Repeat, moving on to some other piece of the problem.

from sys import exit
from random import randint
class Scene(object):

    def enter(self):
        print "This scene is not yet configured. Subclass it and implement enter()."
        exit(1)
class Engine(object):

    def __init__(self, scene_map):
        self.scene_map = scene_map

    def play(self):
        current_scene = self.scene_map.opening_scene()
        last_scene = self.scene_map.next_scene('finished')

        while current_scene != last_scene:
            next_scene_name = current_scene.enter()
            current_scene = self.scene_map.next_scene(next_scene_name)

        # be sure to print out the last scene
        current_scene.enter()

class Death(Scene):

    quips = [
        "You died.  You kinda suck at this.",
         "Your mom would be proud...if she were smarter.",
         "Such a luser.",
         "I have a small puppy that's better at this."
    ]

    def enter(self):
        print Death.quips[randint(0, len(self.quips)-1)]
        exit(1)

class CentralCorridor(Scene):

    def enter(self):
        print "The Gothons of Planet Percal #25 have invaded your ship and destroyed"
        print "your entire crew.  You are the last surviving member and your last"
        print "mission is to get the neutron destruct bomb from the Weapons Armory,"
        print "put it in the bridge, and blow the ship up after getting into an "
        print "escape pod."
        print "\n"
        print "You're running down the central corridor to the Weapons Armory when"
        print "a Gothon jumps out, red scaly skin, dark grimy teeth, and evil clown costume"
        print "flowing around his hate filled body.  He's blocking the door to the"
        print "Armory and about to pull a weapon to blast you."

        action = raw_input("> ")

        if action == "shoot!":
            print "Quick on the draw you yank out your blaster and fire it at the Gothon."
            print "His clown costume is flowing and moving around his body, which throws"
            print "off your aim.  Your laser hits his costume but misses him entirely.  This"
            print "completely ruins his brand new costume his mother bought him, which"
            print "makes him fly into an insane rage and blast you repeatedly in the face until"
            print "you are dead.  Then he eats you."
            return 'death'

        elif action == "dodge!":
            print "Like a world class boxer you dodge, weave, slip and slide right"
            print "as the Gothon's blaster cranks a laser past your head."
            print "In the middle of your artful dodge your foot slips and you"
            print "bang your head on the metal wall and pass out."
            print "You wake up shortly after only to die as the Gothon stomps on"
            print "your head and eats you."
            return 'death'

        elif action == "tell a joke":
            print "Lucky for you they made you learn Gothon insults in the academy."
            print "You tell the one Gothon joke you know:"
            print "Lbhe zbgure vf fb sng, jura fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr, fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr."
            print "The Gothon stops, tries not to laugh, then busts out laughing and can't move."
            print "While he's laughing you run up and shoot him square in the head"
            print "putting him down, then jump through the Weapon Armory door."
            return 'laser_weapon_armory'

        else:
            print "DOES NOT COMPUTE!"
            return 'central_corridor'
class LaserWeaponArmory(Scene):

    def enter(self):
        print "You do a dive roll into the Weapon Armory, crouch and scan the room"
        print "for more Gothons that might be hiding.  It's dead quiet, too quiet."
        print "You stand up and run to the far side of the room and find the"
        print "neutron bomb in its container.  There's a keypad lock on the box"
        print "and you need the code to get the bomb out.  If you get the code"
        print "wrong 10 times then the lock closes forever and you can't"
        print "get the bomb.  The code is 3 digits."
        code = "%d%d%d" % (randint(1,9), randint(1,9), randint(1,9))
        guess = raw_input("[keypad]> ")
        guesses = 0

        while guess != code and guesses < 10:
            print "BZZZZEDDD!"
            guesses += 1
            guess = raw_input("[keypad]> ")

        if guess == code:
            print "The container clicks open and the seal breaks, letting gas out."
            print "You grab the neutron bomb and run as fast as you can to the"
            print "bridge where you must place it in the right spot."
            return 'the_bridge'
        else:
            print "The lock buzzes one last time and then you hear a sickening"
            print "melting sound as the mechanism is fused together."
            print "You decide to sit there, and finally the Gothons blow up the"
            print "ship from their ship and you die."
            return 'death'



class TheBridge(Scene):

    def enter(self):
        print "You burst onto the Bridge with the netron destruct bomb"
        print "under your arm and surprise 5 Gothons who are trying to"
        print "take control of the ship.  Each of them has an even uglier"
        print "clown costume than the last.  They haven't pulled their"
        print "weapons out yet, as they see the active bomb under your"
        print "arm and don't want to set it off."

        action = raw_input("> ")

        if action == "throw the bomb":
            print "In a panic you throw the bomb at the group of Gothons"
            print "and make a leap for the door.  Right as you drop it a"
            print "Gothon shoots you right in the back killing you."
            print "As you die you see another Gothon frantically try to disarm"
            print "the bomb. You die knowing they will probably blow up when"
            print "it goes off."
            return 'death'

        elif action == "slowly place the bomb":
            print "You point your blaster at the bomb under your arm"
            print "and the Gothons put their hands up and start to sweat."
            print "You inch backward to the door, open it, and then carefully"
            print "place the bomb on the floor, pointing your blaster at it."
            print "You then jump back through the door, punch the close button"
            print "and blast the lock so the Gothons can't get out."
            print "Now that the bomb is placed you run to the escape pod to"
            print "get off this tin can."
            return 'escape_pod'
        else:
            print "DOES NOT COMPUTE!"
            return "the_bridge"


class EscapePod(Scene):

    def enter(self):
        print "You rush through the ship desperately trying to make it to"
        print "the escape pod before the whole ship explodes.  It seems like"
        print "hardly any Gothons are on the ship, so your run is clear of"
        print "interference.  You get to the chamber with the escape pods, and"
        print "now need to pick one to take.  Some of them could be damaged"
        print "but you don't have time to look.  There's 5 pods, which one"
        print "do you take?"

        good_pod = randint(1,5)
        guess = raw_input("[pod #]> ")


        if int(guess) != good_pod:
            print "You jump into pod %s and hit the eject button." % guess
            print "The pod escapes out into the void of space, then"
            print "implodes as the hull ruptures, crushing your body"
            print "into jam jelly."
            return 'death'
        else:
            print "You jump into pod %s and hit the eject button." % guess
            print "The pod easily slides out into space heading to"
            print "the planet below.  As it flies to the planet, you look"
            print "back and see your ship implode then explode like a"
            print "bright star, taking out the Gothon ship at the same"
            print "time.  You won!"

            return 'finished'

class Finished(Scene):

    def enter(self):
        print "You won! Good job."
        return 'finished'

看不懂了，暂停