Docker容器-镜像构建：Dockerfile

Dockerfile知识点

• FORM
  基础镜像信息
• MAINTAINER
  维护者信息
• RUN
  运行指定的命令
• COPY
  复制文本或文件
• ADD
  复制文件，会自动解压
• WORKDIR
  进入指定目录，等同：cd
• ENV
  设置环境变量
• VOLUME
  目录挂载
• EXPOSE
  开放端口
• CMD
  容器启动命令，进程要一直运行下去

样例：自动构建nginx镜像

• 创建目录
  构建的文件名称必须为：Dockerfile

  [root@docker /]# mkdir /opt/docker-file/nginx -p
  [root@docker /]# touch Dockerfile
  [root@docker /]# cd /opt/docker-file/nginx/
  [root@docker nginx]#  touch Dockerfile
  [root@docker nginx]# ll
  total 0
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec  7 16:30 Dockerfile
  

• 编辑Dockerfile文件

  #This is auto build nginx
  #Version 1.0
  #Author silly
  
  #Base image
  FROM centos
  
  #Maintainer
  MAINTAINER silly
  
  #copy file
  ADD  nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src
  ADD  pcre-8.00.tar.gz /usr/local/src
  
  #install software
  RUN yum install  -y wget gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel
  
  #create user www
  RUN useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www
  
  #cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2
  WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2
  
  #configure nginx
  RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-	http_stub_status_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.00 && make && make install
  
  #modify nginx to run in the foreground
  RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  
  #open port 80
  EXPOSE 80
  
  #set env
  ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
  
  #cmd nginx 
  CMD ["nginx"]
  

• 自动构建Dockerfile

  docker build -t nginx-file:v1 /opt/docker-file/nginx/
  

  [root@docker nginx]# docker images  
  REPOSITORY              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  nginx-file              v1                  0e364c53448b        9 minutes ago       445 MB
  

  构建过程

  [root@docker nginx]# docker build -t nginx-file:v1 /opt/docker-file/nginx/
  Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.245 MB
  Step 1/12 : FROM centos
  ---> 0f3e07c0138f
  Step 2/12 : MAINTAINER silly
  ---> Running in 5d731cf47f02
  ---> 329faae63e7d
  Removing intermediate container 5d731cf47f02
  Step 3/12 : ADD nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src
  ---> c2cf67c12a7c
  Removing intermediate container 5ff0a558e41b
  Step 4/12 : ADD pcre-8.00.tar.gz /usr/local/src
   ---> a55e0c559803
  Removing intermediate container a3df78a4ee47
  Step 5/12 : RUN yum install  -y wget gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel
   ---> Running in d203097b040e
  Complete!
   ---> dbb03ea989ca
  Removing intermediate container d203097b040e
  Step 6/12 : RUN useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www
   ---> Running in fb2ccb66c2a5
   ---> f0a8d2c3058c
  Removing intermediate container fb2ccb66c2a5
  Step 7/12 : WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.14.2
  ---> 6dc2f053b8fd
  Removing intermediate container 9a097287c85e
  Step 8/12 : RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-	http_stub_status_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.00 && make && make install
   ---> Running in 41b1a6453ffe
  ---> 61e9e0dbb033
  Removing intermediate container 41b1a6453ffe
  Step 9/12 : RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  ---> Running in 8eb0be4aa318
  ---> 7b84bdee1125
  Removing intermediate container 8eb0be4aa318
  Step 10/12 : EXPOSE 80
  ---> Running in bc097c4e0bd3
  ---> ebff832d8667
  Removing intermediate container bc097c4e0bd3
  Step 11/12 : ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
   ---> Running in e467d807f858
   ---> 3596260b710a
  Removing intermediate container e467d807f858
  Step 12/12 : CMD nginx
   ---> Running in af5f7d157ba9
   ---> 0e364c53448b
  Removing intermediate container af5f7d157ba9
  Successfully built 0e364c53448b
  

• 运行自动构建的nginx容器

  [root@docker nginx]# docker run -d -p 10009:80 nginx-file:v1
  [root@docker nginx]# docker ps 
  CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   	NAMES
  ffe0433055ee        nginx-file:v1       "nginx"                  7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes        0.0.0.0:10009->80/tcp   amazing_meninsky