【hdu1394】Minimum Inversion Number——逆序对

题目：

C - Minimum Inversion Number Time Limit:1000MS Memory
Limit:32768KB 64bit IO Format:%I64d & %I64u Submit Status
Practice HDU 1394 Description The inversion number of a given number
sequence a1, a2, …, an is the number of pairs (ai, aj) that satisfy
i < j and ai > aj.

For a given sequence of numbers a1, a2, …, an, if we move the first
m >= 0 numbers to the end of the seqence, we will obtain another
sequence. There are totally n such sequences as the following:

a1, a2, …, an-1, an (where m = 0 - the initial seqence) a2, a3,
…, an, a1 (where m = 1) a3, a4, …, an, a1, a2 (where m = 2) …
an, a1, a2, …, an-1 (where m = n-1)

You are asked to write a program to find the minimum inversion number
out of the above sequences. Input The input consists of a number of
test cases. Each case consists of two lines: the first line contains a
positive integer n (n <= 5000); the next line contains a permutation
of the n integers from 0 to n-1. Output For each case, output the
minimum inversion number on a single line. Sample Input 10 1 3 6 9
0 8 5 7 4 2 Sample Output 16

描述：

给定一个0-n-1长度为n的数列（n <= 5000），求这个数列的所有排列中逆序对数最小的，所有排列是指每次将数列的第一个数移动到最后一个，重复n-1次。

题解：

首先，逆序对有三种解法，树状数组和线段树是常规解法，但是由于这次的数据是连续的而且从0开始，说明我们不需要对数据进行离散化，这样的话除了常规做法外，由于数据范围不大，可以根据逆序对的定义直接暴力求解。
接下来对于每次移动，将第一个移动到最后一个，意味着原逆序对数要加上所有比这个数大的数，减去所有比这个数小的数，枚举每一次的变化即可。

代码：

树状数组版

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 5005;
int c[maxn],a[maxn],n;
int lowbit(int x)
{
    return x & (-x);
}

void add(int x,int val)
{
    for(;x <= n;x += lowbit(x))c[x] += val;
}

int cal(int x)
{
    int ans = 0;
    for(;x > 0;x -= lowbit(x))ans += c[x];
    return ans;
}

int main()
{
    //freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
    while(~scanf("%d",&n))
    {
        memset(c,0,sizeof(c));
        for(int i = 1;i <= n;i++)
            scanf("%d",&a[i]);
        int sum = 0,ans;
        for(int i = n;i > 0;i--)
        {
            sum += cal(a[i]);
            add(a[i]+1, 1);
        }
        ans = sum;
        for(int i = 1;i <= n;i++)
        {
            sum += n - 1 - a[i] * 2;
            ans = min(ans, sum);
        }
        printf("%d\n",ans);
    }
    return 0;
}

线段树版

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#define ls t<<1
#define rs (t<<1)|1
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 5005;
struct segmentTree
{
    int l,r,val;   
}tree[maxn*3];
int fa[maxn],a[maxn],n;

void update(int t)
{
    if(t == 1)return;
    t >>= 1;
    tree[t].val = tree[ls].val + tree[rs].val;
    update(t);
}

void build(int l,int r,int t)
{
    tree[t].l = l;
    tree[t].r = r;
    tree[t].val = 0;
    if(l == r)
    {
        fa[l] = t;
        return ;
    }
    build(l, (l+r)/2, ls);
    build((l+r)/2+1, r, rs);
}

long long query(int l,int r,int t)
{
    long long sum = 0;
    if(tree[t].l >= l && tree[t].r <= r) return tree[t].val;
    int mid = (tree[t].l + tree[t].r) / 2;
    if(mid >= l) sum += query(l,r,ls);
    if(mid < r) sum += query(l,r,rs);
    return sum;
}

int main()
{
    //freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
    while(~scanf("%d",&n))
    {
        long long sum = 0,ans;
        build(1,n,1);
        for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)
        {
            scanf("%d",&a[i]);
            sum += query(a[i]+1, n, 1);
            tree[fa[a[i]+1]].val = 1;
            update(fa[a[i]+1]);
        }
        ans = sum;
        for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)
        {
            sum += n - 1 - a[i] * 2;
            ans = min(ans,sum);
        }
        printf("%lld\n",ans);
    }
    return 0;
}

暴力直接求版

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 5005;
int a[maxn];
int main()
{
    //freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
    int n;
    while(~scanf("%d",&n))
    {
        long long ans = 0,res = 0;
        for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)scanf("%d",&a[i]);
        for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)       
           for(int j = i+1;j < n;j++)
                if(a[i] > a[j]) ans++;
        res = ans;
        for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)
        {
            ans -= a[i]-(n-1-a[i]);
            res = min(res,ans);
        }
        printf("%lld\n",res);         
    }
    return 0;
}