由于贪吃蛇小游戏需要对键盘快速响应的图形界面,所以选用Ncurses作为游戏的界面。其中使用到Ncurses,linux线程。
使用链表来显示贪吃蛇的身子和食物:
头文件和宏定义:
#include <curses.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#define UP 1
#define DOWN -1
#define LEFT 2
#define RIGHT -2
链表如下:
struct snake
{
int hang;
int lie;
struct snake* next;
};
使用的全局变量:
struct snake food; // 创建食物的节点
struct snake *head = NULL; //贪吃蛇头结点和尾节点
struct snake *tail = NULL;
int dir; //贪吃蛇的转变方向
int key; //键盘响应变量
界面的初始化:
void initNcurses()
{
initscr();
keypad(stdscr,1); //Ncurses初始化的函数
noecho(); //为防止Ncurses出现乱码现象
}
食物初始化:
void initFood()
{ //为了让食物能够随机出现采用rand函数,但是为防止食物位置超出规定界面采用取余的方式控制在界面内
int x = rand()%20;
int y = rand()%20;
food.hang = x;
food.lie = y;
}
蛇的身子初始化:
void initSnake()
{
while(head != NULL){ //为防止蛇在行进过程中蛇尾节点开辟的空间出现内存泄漏
struct snake *p = head;
head = head->next;
free(p);
}
initFood(); //初始化食物
head = (struct snake *)malloc(sizeof(struct snake));
head->hang = 2; //规定蛇头结点位置
head->lie = 2;
head->next = NULL;
tail = head;
dir = RIGHT; //给蛇初始行进方向
addNode(); //增加结点使蛇更完整
addNode();
addNode();
}
增加蛇的节点
void addNode()
{
struct snake *new = (struct snake*)malloc(sizeof(struct snake));
switch(dir){ //由于蛇在行进的过程中会改变方向所以需要对其方向进行设定
case UP:
new->hang = tail->hang-1; //蛇行进以蛇头结点增加,蛇尾节点删除的形式(注意:这里面head节点是蛇尾,tail是蛇头)
new->lie = tail->lie;
new->next = NULL;
break;
case DOWN:
new->hang = tail->hang+1;
new->lie = tail->lie;
new->next = NULL;
break;
case LEFT:
new->hang = tail->hang;
new->lie = tail->lie-1;
new->next = NULL;
break;
case RIGHT:
new->hang = tail->hang;
new->lie = tail->lie+1;
new->next = NULL;
break;
}
tail->next = new;
tail = new;
}
删除蛇尾节点
void delNode()
{
head = head->next;
}
蛇行进
void snakeMove()
{
addNode();
if(hasFood(tail->hang,tail->lie)){ //蛇每吃一个食物就会增加一个节点
initFood();
}else{
delNode();
}
if(ifSnakeDie() == 1){ //蛇撞围墙或者自己会重新开始
initSnake();
}
}
蛇撞墙和自己
int ifSnakeDie()
{
struct snake *p = head;
if(tail->hang < 0 || tail->hang == 20|| tail->lie ==0 || tail->lie == 20){ //撞上围墙
return 1;
}
while(p->next !=NULL){ //通过遍历节点来判断是否撞到自己,注意tail节点需要从遍历里面删去,不然该函数一直return1
if(p->hang == tail->hang && p->lie == tail->lie){
return 1;
}
p = p->next;
}
return 0;
}
图形中打印蛇身子的函数
int snakebody(int i,int j)
{
struct snake *p = head;
while(p != NULL){
if(p->hang == i && p->lie == j){
return 1;
}
p = p->next;
}
return 0;
}
图形中打印食物的函数
int hasFood(int i,int j)
{
if(food.hang == i && food.lie == j){
return 1;
}else{
return 0;
}
}
打印图形界面
void gamePic()
{
int hang;
int lie;
move(0,0); //由于打印图形界面是光标会随着界面移动,所以使用move(0,0),使光标定位在开始位置
for(hang=0;hang<=20;hang++){
if(hang == 0 ){ //打印第一行横线
for(lie=0;lie<20;lie++){
printw("--");
}
printw("\n");
}
for(lie=0;lie<=20;lie++){ //打印第一列和最后一列竖线
if(lie==0 || lie==20){
printw("|");
}else if(snakebody(hang,lie) == 1){ //打印蛇身子
printw("[]");
}else if(hasFood(hang,lie) == 1){ //打印食物
printw("##");
}else{
printw(" "); //打印空白
}
}
printw("\n");
if(hang ==20){ //打印最后一排横线
for(lie=0;lie<20;lie++){
printw("--");
}
}
}
printw("\n");
printw("by CaoHai\n %d",key); //打印作者和键盘信息调试
}
蛇转向函数
void turnDir(int direction)
{
if(abs(dir) != abs(direction)){ //将上下作为一组,左右作为一组利用绝对值来防止蛇往相对的方向直接转向
dir = direction;
}
}
需要使用线程让其同时进行的函数:
void* changeDir() //转向
{
while(1){
key = getch(); //等待键盘输入
switch(key){
case KEY_UP:
turnDir(UP);
break;
case KEY_DOWN:
turnDir(DOWN);
break;
case KEY_LEFT:
turnDir(LEFT);
break;
case KEY_RIGHT:
turnDir(RIGHT);
break;
}
}
}
void* reFreshJieMian() //保持界面刷新(只有不断刷新界面才能看到图形变化)
{
while(1){
snakeMove();
gamePic();
refresh(); //刷新界面
usleep(100000); //速度设定
}
}
主函数
int main()
{
pthread_t t1; //创建两个线程
pthread_t t2;
initNcurses(); //初始化Ncurses界面
initSnake();
gamePic();
pthread_create(&t1,NULL,reFreshJieMian,NULL);
pthread_create(&t2,NULL,changeDir,NULL);
while(1);
getch(); //防止程序退出
endwin(); //ncurses必要的程序末尾函数
return 0;
}
完整代码:
#include <curses.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#define UP 1
#define DOWN -1
#define LEFT 2
#define RIGHT -2
struct snake
{
int hang;
int lie;
struct snake* next;
};
struct snake food;
struct snake *head = NULL;
struct snake *tail = NULL;
int dir;
int key;
void initFood()
{
int x = rand()%20;
int y = rand()%20;
food.hang = x;
food.lie = y;
}
void initNcurses()
{
initscr();
keypad(stdscr,1);
noecho();
}
void addNode()
{
struct snake *new = (struct snake*)malloc(sizeof(struct snake));
switch(dir){
case UP:
new->hang = tail->hang-1;
new->lie = tail->lie;
new->next = NULL;
break;
case DOWN:
new->hang = tail->hang+1;
new->lie = tail->lie;
new->next = NULL;
break;
case LEFT:
new->hang = tail->hang;
new->lie = tail->lie-1;
new->next = NULL;
break;
case RIGHT:
new->hang = tail->hang;
new->lie = tail->lie+1;
new->next = NULL;
break;
}
tail->next = new;
tail = new;
}
void delNode()
{
head = head->next;
}
void initSnake()
{
while(head != NULL){
struct snake *p = head;
head = head->next;
free(p);
}
initFood();
head = (struct snake *)malloc(sizeof(struct snake));
head->hang = 2;
head->lie = 2;
head->next = NULL;
tail = head;
dir = RIGHT;
addNode();
addNode();
addNode();
}
int ifSnakeDie()
{
struct snake *p = head;
if(tail->hang < 0 || tail->hang == 20|| tail->lie ==0 || tail->lie == 20){
return 1;
}
while(p->next !=NULL){
if(p->hang == tail->hang && p->lie == tail->lie){
return 1;
}
p = p->next;
}
return 0;
}
void snakeMove()
{
addNode();
if(hasFood(tail->hang,tail->lie)){
initFood();
}else{
delNode();
}
if(ifSnakeDie() == 1){
initSnake();
}
}
int snakebody(int i,int j)
{
struct snake *p = head;
while(p != NULL){
if(p->hang == i && p->lie == j){
return 1;
}
p = p->next;
}
return 0;
}
int hasFood(int i,int j)
{
if(food.hang == i && food.lie == j){
return 1;
}else{
return 0;
}
}
void gamePic()
{
int hang;
int lie;
move(0,0);
for(hang=0;hang<=20;hang++){
if(hang == 0 ){
for(lie=0;lie<20;lie++){
printw("--");
}
printw("\n");
}
for(lie=0;lie<=20;lie++){
if(lie==0 || lie==20){
printw("|");
}else if(snakebody(hang,lie) == 1){
printw("[]");
}else if(hasFood(hang,lie) == 1){
printw("##");
}else{
printw(" ");
}
}
printw("\n");
if(hang ==20){
for(lie=0;lie<20;lie++){
printw("--");
}
}
}
printw("\n");
printw("by CaoHai\n %d",key);
}
void turnDir(int direction)
{
if(abs(dir) != abs(direction)){
dir = direction;
}
}
void* changeDir()
{
while(1){
key = getch();
switch(key){
case KEY_UP:
turnDir(UP);
break;
case KEY_DOWN:
turnDir(DOWN);
break;
case KEY_LEFT:
turnDir(LEFT);
break;
case KEY_RIGHT:
turnDir(RIGHT);
break;
}
}
}
void* reFreshJieMian()
{
while(1){
snakeMove();
gamePic();
refresh();
usleep(100000);
}
}
int main()
{
pthread_t t1;
pthread_t t2;
initNcurses();
initSnake();
gamePic();
pthread_create(&t1,NULL,reFreshJieMian,NULL);
pthread_create(&t2,NULL,changeDir,NULL);
while(1);
getch();
endwin();
return 0;
}
注意:程序在linux下进行编译的时候需要加上ncurses 和pthread库:
gcc snake.c -lcurses -lpthread -o snake