The binomial coefficient C(m, n) is defined as
C(m, n) = m!
(m − n)! n!
Given four natural numbers p, q, r, and s, compute the the result of dividing C(p, q) by C(r, s).
Input
Input consists of a sequence of lines. Each line contains four non-negative integer numbers giving values
for p, q, r, and s, respectively, separated by a single space. All the numbers will be smaller than 10,000
with p ≥ q and r ≥ s.
Output
For each line of input, print a single line containing a real number with 5 digits of precision in the fraction,
giving the number as described above. You may assume the result is not greater than 100,000,000.
Sample Input
10 5 14 9
93 45 84 59
145 95 143 92
995 487 996 488
2000 1000 1999 999
9998 4999 9996 4998
Sample Output
0.12587
505606.46055
1.28223
0.48996
2.00000
3.99960
【分析】
用唯一分解定理把这些数都分解为质因数乘积。算出分子,再算出分母,然后就好了。
【代码】
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
const int maxn=10000;
int prm[10010],cnt[10010],tot;
bool have[10010];
void add(int x,int d)
{
int i,j,tem;
for (i=2;i<=x;i++)
{
tem=i;
for (j=1;tem>1;j++)
while (tem%prm[j]==0)
{
tem/=prm[j];
cnt[j]+=d;
}
}
}
int main()
{
int i,j,k,m,n,p,q,r,s,x,y,z;
double ans;
for (i=2;i<=maxn;i++)
{
if (!have[i]) prm[++tot]=i;
for (j=1;j<=tot&&i*prm[j]<=maxn;j++)
{
have[i*prm[j]]=1;
if (i%prm[j]==0) break;
}
}
while (scanf("%d%d%d%d",&p,&q,&r,&s)==4)
{
for (i=1;i<=tot;i++)
cnt[i]=0;
add(p,1);
add(q,-1);
add(p-q,-1);
add(r,-1);
add(s,1);
add(r-s,1);
ans=1;
for (i=1;i<=tot;i++)
ans*=pow(prm[i],cnt[i]);
printf("%.5f\n",ans);
}
}