ielts写作

Topic

句型词汇

例句

mushrooming of language institution 语言机构的兴起
juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪
monumental buildings

介词短语

1, both in学校and社会
2. both公司and individuals
3. in many cities /countries
4. after they leave school and find jobs
5. in the workplaces/ in some public places
6. in a disadvantageous position
7. in their spare time
8. in some aspects
9. throughout the world
10. in the modern society (可以用作正文里面,代替举例子for example)
12.in some degree 

句子开头

1. this trend can....
3. for instance/for example
4. For many full time female employees (用for谁谁时,加上长的修饰词就好一些) 
5. children with a sense of ... to (可以替换those who)
9. without such an effort

动词

2. tempt people to do 诱惑
3, that 谁should undertake (承担)
3. strengthen the bond with ... 加强
5·消除be prevented and eliminated
4. deter from阻止
9,符合 ：可用在which做补充: conforms to the profits of general public
5. enable sb to do +adv
6. has become the norm in 成为惯例

主语

1. travellers或者tourists
2. citizens/  city dwellers/ the general public
5. poor/wealthy people
7. the gap between rich and poor is widening, which 
9. the government and the police
11. innocent people are
12. criminals /offender / law-breaker 
13. the disadvantaged group (很多都可以用group)
14.聪明人: intelligent and talented people
15.优缺：pros and cons/merits and drawbacks/benefits and downsides/bright side and bad points

结构逻辑

开头

Recent years has witnessed a boom in ...， 

Nowadays,...is becoming increasing popular among teenagers.

The issue of ... is increasingly severe,
+

especially in ...

• 一个观点（优缺）A. agree or disagree

a. 介绍事实或者趋势
b. 介绍观点冲突
c. 介绍你的反方的观点

So ... has already triggered a new round of heated debate among the public.As far as i am concerned，its benefits are far more over than its downsides.

personally，i think their view is only partly true
my personal view is that its benefits cannot justify its harmful effects

Provideed that it is up to me to make an alternative ，my view will fall between the two extremes to some extent

• 两个观点（讨论比较）B. discuss both views and give your opinion

a. 介绍事实和趋势
b. 介绍两个对立观点
c. 预告下文结构

with some people in favour of this view while others against it. I hold that...

However，there is no consensus on... some people believe that ...while others assert that...Personally，i am in favor of the former/latter view


In this essay，I will compare and contrast two typical opinions regarding this issue.

• 报告类

In this essay，some possible reasons will be analyzed，followed by respective measures

中心

分论点拓展：

• 万能理由：
  1.Technology：cutting edge technology尖端技术(be lacking in creativity and innovation)，be lack in creativity
  2.Economy：boost economy，reduce unemployment rate，attract investment，increase tax revenue（A great threat to local firms.Encounter fierce competition, 经济负担 economic burden on ordinary family，accumulate wealth积累财富
  3.Environment：cause serious environment pollution/contamination
  4.Culture：improve culture exchange，acquirement of exotic culture（ignorance of inheritance of local culture）
  5.Education：stimulate development of specific subjects such as …
  6.Government：promote relationship between two governments
  7.Travel：Tourism development leads to products consumption.
• 个体到群体
  1.individual：be lack in self-control，be curious about some bad behavior,cover their living cost,out of vanity 源于虚荣，abilities of distinguishing
  2.family：be spoiled by parents，emotional needs are left unattended，domestic abuse
  3.school：bullies from peers/pay more attention to score improvement rather than moral education
• 物质到精神
  1.health：build their body/improve health and fitness
  2.spirit：positive/independent/be brave ,leading to the wrong conception of consumption 导致错误消费观

结构：

for instance.../another example is/...，in other words...
to begin with
in the second place
More importantly
if...they may

• A. B discussion

A major reason is that...... Also, ......
Another argument to justify ...... is that ......

the one main cause...the other factor which leads to the phenomenon is...


However, drawbacks cannot be denied.First of all，... Except for that

some people tend to think that ... exert beneficial influence on

on the other side of the debate，many individuals argue that ... impose a potential threat to...

it is evidently reasonable for some to argue that

• C. Report

it is obvious that the causes of ... are diverse

Another possible cause could be...

the damage of ... can be due to many different causes

in light of the above factors，i am convinced that immediate actions should be taken to combat the issue/situation. Priority should be given to...

i believe there may be flaws and other measures should be taken(我认为可能有缺陷，应该采取其他措施)

Based on the above analysis，...

there are no simple solutions to these problems

原因：jeopardise ..(危害). It is because...	;	As a result,...
举例：For example, ...	;	which means
对比：without..., conversely, if not，一般多用虚拟语气	;	on the contrary，without...
影响：...现象,As a result,  ...影响，观点

结尾

• A. agree or disagree
  连接词+让步+自己的观点
• B. Dicuss both views and give your opinion
  总结构：开头一段+正方观点+反方观点+自己的观点
  (结尾)自己的观点+让步+1-2句论述+(Therefore)收尾
  （如果立场55开）自己的观点+给出建议

My view is that ... , （让步）though there is an urgent need for...

In summary，i would concede that （让步，不赞成的观点）.Despite of that，i am convinced that

for my part，after considering the arguments above，i feel that...it would be sensible to suggest...

• C. Report
  首段两句（趋势+预告）,第一段分析主要原因，第二段分析次要原因，第三段介绍带来的影响或者应该采取的措施（一般至少要有两点）。后面三段每段大概4-5句吧，最后一段可以稍微长一些。

Personally, the most immediate reason responsible for+短语/why+句子 is that....

There are several ways to combat this difficulte situation./Such a problem has several implications. To begin with,... Also,...

In summary，the cause of ... are complicated，therefore，we should take a wide range of measures，including ...,...and...to address this disturbing problem without any delay.

小作文

dominated 占主导地位
步骤：

1. 确定类型
2. 确定时态
3. 确定主要信息（极值，趋势，对比）
4. 确定分段
5. 确定顺序（从大到小）

例句：
占了 represent/occupy/make up/account for
百分比 proportion / percentage / ratio

• ,with one quarter of respondents rating this highly in 2002
• by a mere 2 % and 3 % respectively
• increased by 5%
• … more than tripled from 5% to 18% 2002， by which time this…

开头

改写，确保不重复

the chart(graph)  provides(contains, presents) infromation( data, findings) about 
the chart(graph) illlustrate (demonstrate ）...
the chart(graph) shows (illlustrate ,demonstrate ) how ...changed ...

the charts compare the amounts of


five european countries --- in five nations of Europe

连接词

according to the graph,...
it is manifested from the graph that...
As shown in the chart

连接转折
Afterwards,...
In contrast,...
...,while...
However,...（不能使用）
but this ... was much less important

切换对象
when it comes to ...
In view of...
As to ...
Turning to...

比较
at the same time
on the other hand
In contrast
similarly,...
... , compared with

Overall,..
To sum up...
In conclusion,...

变化

the proportion of A is (far) more than that of B in ...
A held a large proportion than B in ...

主体(最大，第二, 其次）：

A takes up the largest proportion of
... was the primary cause of..., with around ...

The second place is distributed to B
B occupies the second position of
A share the same number with B

while the remaining 7% was attributed to ...

中间数据

区间：the figures for A，B and C range from ... to...
平均值：the figures for A, B and C are around ...
罗列: the figures for A,B and C are ... ,... and ... respectively

数量

可数：a small number of
不可数：a small amount of
很少的：a tiny proportion
 3/4 three out of four
 15% a small minority
 24% roughly one in four
 31% just under a third
 46% nearly half
 85% the vast majority

年龄

people aged under(over) 24
people in their thirties
30-39-year-old people
over-30-year-old group of people

动态图

1. 总结，归纳段
2. 提及趋势：极值，数值间的对比，趋势的归纳
3. 分段恰当（改变趋势）
4. 描述顺序（由高到低，先大趋势后小趋势）
5. 时态准确

主体

in two places sales increased by the same small amount
doubled from 3-6 million dollars
in the UK there was an enormous increase，from ...
sales figures(data) jumped from 15-47 .. across these five years, while in .. sales only grew from ...
...and... showed a different pattern, with falls in banana sales from 
... is also a significant consideration
more than doubled to 130 units
with the figure rising more than eight fold to  126 units in 2000
but falling steeply to 2% in 
didn't change remarkably
The ... was noticeablely lower in other countries
there was a dramatic decline in the percentage of
... remained roughly unchanged at around
（趋势）
The rising trend was also seen in
saw the biggest increase in .., despite the drop of around ...
the gap between these two proportions narrows as students get older，and the figures for ...
the figure drop steadily with age,
with age，people are more likely(predicted, projected) to ...
despite the fluctuation(波动）in the first 15 years，... rose steadily，and this is projected（预计）...

结尾：（极值（dominanted），趋势，不同点）

主体重趋势，结尾放对比
主体重对比，结尾放趋势
不总结重复信息
Over all +

Comparing the two tables，it is clear that
saw a different trend in these

流程图

and the cycle stars anew
（不接连词）（Adult butterflies fly and mate），marking the end of one cycle and the start of the other单独一句
be packed in boxes
they are termed（named）
… then … 改成！！ the …grows for around … before emerging into …

• 工序图

被动时态
1.材料
2.工具
3.动词

grinder ：动词 ground（being ground）
原料 ingredients
容器：facilities，equipment，machine，container

In the next step，the …ed 物 is placed on / delivered to the …，before being (动ed by 物）（turned / converted ）into 物
物 is placed into 物，until they are turned / converted into 物

the process start from
then
in the next step
after that
before being done
at the stage four
following this stage
is subsequently sent to
in the final phase

运行：
…operates by doing …

• 生物生长图

主动时态,注意对比，they are termed（named）

结构

the diagram demonstrate that the life cycle of a butterfly can be abroadly devided into four stages.

it is followed by the second stage,which lasts for ...At this phase（during this time）,...

the third stage is longest(时间最长）,taking ...,during which time the       ....(重点）

at the final stage， known as the ... stage

总结

In conclusion（summary），+

... consists of four distinct stages
... passes through three distinct .. stages as it grows to maturity
，and the whole process involves five steps in total.

+总结各阶段特点 + 对比不同阶段的特点(it is noteworthy that)

变化

... hatch into ...孵化
develops into ... eventually 长成
before  emerging into 形成

时间花费：

it takes ... to
this stage lasts for ...
after the period of ...
during a ... period
during this time
for approximately the next ...

after ten days
ten days later
in the following ten days
within ten days

地图题

（加入修饰词，small，end of the island,only）
展开写，where you can swimming - - - - an area has been designed swimming off the beach
所有信息都需包含，如果雷同可以归纳在一起写

只有两个时间：对比描述
两种以上的时间：按时间描述(一般一个时间写一个主体段）

• during the period between 1883 a你的1922
• during the next period

map

顺时针描述
1.每个地点的具体方位：

• 地理位置
  in the centre of the island
  in the western part
  on the eastern side of the area
  in the south-western corner of the area
• 参照物
  lying between two huts
  to the west of trees
  the airport is a few miles to the south of the city
  A is on the opposite side of B
  A is on the eastern boarder/edge of B

2.动词

located,situated，sited，constructed 设置，developed，built，scattered 散落分布 ，added，
linked，connected，

expand变大，shrink变小

消失：the farms (completely) disappeared / were replaced, removed，vanish
relocated
thransformed/converted/turned over into 

3.表示变化

one/another + remarkable/significant/main + change/development + is (that)
a new addition is 
comparing these two maps，we can see

the original/previous/former garden ... has been enlarged/extended/reduced  by half

4.多使用不同结构

while 连接两个基本句

5.时态（将来）：be predicted/projected/expected/ likely to

dock 停泊
huts 小木屋
… building

3.基本句：

• a beach was located on the western end of the island
• there are also some huts which have been constructed next to
  trees in the eastern part of the island.
• a main road crossed the area from north to south
• the village expanded alongside the main road from n to s
• the park is less than five miles from the southwest cornrer of the city
• the retail（小店）area lies between two main streets
• the river flows fromthe east to the west
• the building is adjacent to the library = the building is located next to the library
• the car park has been removed and replaced by a theatre
• the number of homes in Town A is likely to double
• the number of homes has increased (dropped/fallen/grown/risen)to 500

4.总结
in conclusion，the island has undergone many significant changes to …,while the trees have been well preserved

建筑构造

from the entrance
动词

enter...walk into...
沿着走廊 walk through/down the corridor
take the lift down to
reach the bottom of the stairs

方位

right next to
on the left hand side 
on the far side of
below ground level

currently, a visitor can enter the building from the entrance,
this section of the art gallery will be converted into…
the central area of the art gallery is currently divided into three sections: …, …and …spaces
will be moved to…
those who enter the gallery through the …can access the …immediately and see … on the right hand side