OSPF 单区域基础实验

OSPF 单区域

1.1.1 实验介绍

1.1.1.1 学习目标

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实现单区域 OSPF 的配置

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实现 OSPF 区域认证的配置

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描述 OSPF 在多路访问网络中邻居关系建立的过程

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实现对 OSPF 接口代价值进行修改

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阐明 OSPF 中 Silent-interface 的配置方法

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实现通过 display 命令查看 OSPF 各种状态

1.1.1.2 实验组网介绍

图 1-1 OSPF 单区域

R1 、 R2 、 R3 之间通过交换机 S1 相连，其接口、 IP 地址如图所示。 R1 、 R2 、 R3 上均创建

Loopback0 ， IP 地址为 10.0.x.x/24 ，其中 x 为设备编号。

R1 、 R2 、 R3 所有接口都属于区域 0 ，在互联接口、 Loopback0 接口上激活 OSPF 。 HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology 实验手册

1.1.1.3 实验背景

你是公司的网络管理员。现在公司的网络中有三台 AR 路由器，通过以太网实现相互的连通。

在以太网这样的广播式多路访问网络上，可能存在安全隐患，所有你选择采用 OSPF 区域认证

的方法来避免恶意的路由攻击。

1.1.2 实验任务

1.1.2.1 任务思路

1. 设备 IP 地址配置。

2. 在 R1 、 R2 、 R3 上配置 OSPF ，手动指定 Router ID ，并在互联接口、 Loopback0 接口上

激活 OSPF 。

3. 配置完成后，在 R1 、 R2 、 R3 上检查 OSPF 邻居关系状态、 OSPF 路由表，并检查 R1 、

R2 、 R3 环回口之间的连通性。

4. 手动关闭 R1 、 R2 、 R3 的互联接口，开启 debug 以观察 OSPF 邻居关系的建立过程，再

同时开启互联接口，观察设备的 debug 输出。

5. 手动修改 R2 Loopback0 接口的网络类型，观察 OSPF 路由的掩码长度变化。

6. 手动修改 OSPF 接口的 Cost 值。

7. 分别将互联接口、 Loopback0 接口配置为 OSPF Silent-Interface ，观察现象的区别。

1.1.2.2 任务步骤

步骤 1 互联接口、环回口 IP 地址配置

# 配置 R1 GE0/0/3 接口、环回口 IP 地址

<R1>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] ip address 10.0.123.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] quit

[R1]interface LoopBack 0

[R1-LoopBack0] ip address 10.0.1.1 24

[R1-LoopBack0] quit

# 配置 R2 GE0/0/4 接口、环回口 IP 地址

<R2>system-view

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/4

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4] ip address 10.0.123.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4] quit

[R2]interface LoopBack 0

[R2-LoopBack0] ip address 10.0.2.2 24

[R2-LoopBack0] quit

# 配置 R3 GE0/0/4 接口、环回口 IP 地址

<R3>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/4

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4] ip address 10.0.123.3 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4] quit

[R3]interface LoopBack 0

[R3-LoopBack0] ip address 10.0.3.3 24

[R3-LoopBack0] quit

# 在 R1 上验证连通性

<R1>ping -c 1 10.0.123.2

PING 10.0.123.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms

--- 10.0.123.2 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms

<R1>ping -c 1 10.0.123.3

PING 10.0.123.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.123.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms

--- 10.0.123.3 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms

步骤 2 配置单区域 OSPF

# 配置 R1 、 R2 、 R3 的 OSPF Router ID 为 Loopback0 接口地址， OSPF 进程号为 1

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.3.3

# 在 R1 、 R2 、 R3 的互联接口、 Loopback0 接口激活 OSPF

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]area 0 HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology 实验手册

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.0.123.1 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0

[R2]ospf 1

[R2-ospf-1]area 0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.0.123.2 0.0.0.0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]area 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.0.123.3 0.0.0.0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.0.3.3 0.0.0.0

# 为保证安全性，配置 OSPF 的区域认证，使用明文方式，密码配置为 “huawei”

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]area 0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] authentication-mode simple plain huawei

[R2]ospf 1

[R2-ospf-1]area 0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] authentication-mode simple plain huawei

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]area 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] authentication-mode simple plain huawei

步骤 3 检查 OSPF 配置结果

# 检查 R1 、 R2 、 R3 上的 OSPF 邻居信息

<R1>display ospf peer

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Neighbors

Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.123.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/3)'s neighbors

Router ID: 10.0.2.2 Address: 10.0.123.2

State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1

DR: 10.0.123.1 BDR: 10.0.123.2 MTU: 0

Dead timer due in 39 sec

Retrans timer interval: 5

Neighbor is up for 00:24:56

Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

Router ID: 10.0.3.3 Address: 10.0.123.3

State: Full Mode:Nbr is Slave Priority: 1

DR: 10.0.123.1 BDR: 10.0.123.2 MTU: 0

Dead timer due in 38 sec

Retrans timer interval: 5

Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

从输出结果可知 R1 和 R2 、 R3 之间已经成功建立 OSPF 邻居关系。

<R2>display ospf peer

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.2.2

Neighbors

Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.123.2(GigabitEthernet0/0/4)'s neighbors

Router ID: 10.0.1.1 Address: 10.0.123.1

State: Full Mode:Nbr is Slave Priority: 1

DR: 10.0.123.1 BDR: 10.0.123.2 MTU: 0

Dead timer due in 34 sec

Retrans timer interval: 0

Neighbor is up for 00:27:10

Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

Router ID: 10.0.3.3 Address: 10.0.123.3

State: Full Mode:Nbr is Slave Priority: 1

DR: 10.0.123.1 BDR: 10.0.123.2 MTU: 0

Dead timer due in 36 sec

Retrans timer interval: 5

Neighbor is up for 00:26:50

Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

从输出结果可知 R2 和 R1 、 R3 之间已经成功建立 OSPF 邻居关系。

<R3>display ospf peer

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.3.3

Neighbors

Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.123.3(GigabitEthernet0/0/4)'s neighbors

Router ID: 10.0.1.1 Address: 10.0.123.1

State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1

DR: 10.0.123.1 BDR: 10.0.123.2 MTU: 0

Dead timer due in 31 sec

Retrans timer interval: 0

Neighbor is up for 00:28:06

Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

Router ID: 10.0.2.2 Address: 10.0.123.2

State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1

DR: 10.0.123.1 BDR: 10.0.123.2 MTU: 0

Dead timer due in 34 sec

Retrans timer interval: 5

Neighbor is up for 00:28:09

Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

从输出结果可知 R3 和 R1 、 R2 之间已经成功建立 OSPF 邻居关系。

[R1]display ospf routing

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Routing Tables

Routing for Network

Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area

10.0.1.1/32 0 Stub 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0

10.0.123.0/24 1 Transit 10.0.123.1 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0

10.0.2.2/32 1 Stub 10.0.123.2 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0

10.0.3.3/32 1 Stub 10.0.123.3 10.0.3.3 0.0.0.0

Total Nets: 4

Intra Area: 4 Inter Area: 0 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0

从输出结果可知 R1 已经成功学习到 R2 、 R3 的 Loopback0 接口路由。

[R2]display ospf routing

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.2.2

Routing Tables

Routing for Network

Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area

10.0.2.2/32 0 Stub 10.0.2.2 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0

10.0.123.0/24 1 Transit 10.0.123.2 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0

10.0.1.1/32 1 Stub 10.0.123.1 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0

10.0.3.3/32 1 Stub 10.0.123.3 10.0.3.3 0.0.0.0

Total Nets: 4

Intra Area: 4 Inter Area: 0 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0

从输出结果可知 R2 已经成功学习到 R1 、 R3 的 Loopback0 接口路由。

[R3]display ospf routing

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3

Routing Tables

Routing for Network

Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area

10.0.3.3/32 0 Stub 10.0.3.3 10.0.3.3 0.0.0.0

10.0.123.0/24 1 Transit 10.0.123.3 10.0.3.3 0.0.0.0

10.0.1.1/32 1 Stub 10.0.123.1 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0

10.0.2.2/32 1 Stub 10.0.123.2 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0

Total Nets: 4

Intra Area: 4 Inter Area: 0 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0

从输出结果可知 R3 已经成功学习到 R1 、 R2 的 Loopback0 接口路由。

PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=50 ms

--- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 50/50/50 ms

<R1>ping -c 1 -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.3.3

PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=60 ms

--- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms

R1 上以 Loopback0 接口地址为源测试与 R2 、 R3 的 Loopback0 接口之间的连通性。

# 在 R1 上查看 OSPF LSDB

<R1>displayospflsdb

OSPFProcess 1 withRouter ID 10.0.1.1

LinkState Database

Area: 0.0.0.0

Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric

Router 10.0.3.3 10.0.3.3 468 48 80000005 0

Router 10.0.2.2 10.0.2.2 472 48 8000000B 0

Router 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.1 467 48 8000000D 0

Network 10.0.123.1 10.0.1.1 467 36 80000008 0

在这里一共可以看到 4 条 LSA ，前 3 条为 Type-1 LSA ，分别由 R1 、 R2 和 R3 产生，可以通过

AdvRouter 判断该 LSA 是由哪台路由器生成的。第四条为 Type-2 LSA ，是由一个网段的 DR

产生的。在这里， R1 是 10.0.123.0/24 这个网段的 DR ，所以该 Type-2 LSA 的 AdvRouter 为

10.0.1.1 。

# 查看 R1 产生的 Type-1 LSA

[R1]display ospf lsdb router self-originate

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Area: 0.0.0.0

Link State Database

Type : Router

Ls id : 10.0.1.1

Adv rtr : 10.0.1.1

Ls age : 430

Len : 48

seq# : 80000009

chksum : 0x8188

Link count: 2

* Link ID: 10.0.1.1

Data : 255.255.255.255

Link Type: StubNet

Metric : 0

Priority : Medium

* Link ID : 10.0.123.1

Data : 10.0.123.1

Link Type: TransNet

Metric : 1

从输出中可以看到这条 LSA 一共描述了 2 个 Link ，第一个 Link 描述了 Loopback 接口所在网

段， Link Type 为 StubNet ， Link ID 和 Data 分别是该 Stub 网段的 IP 地址和掩码。第二个

Link 描述了三台路由器的互联网段， Link Type 为 TransNet ，可以看到 Link ID 为 DR 的接口

地址： 10.0.123.1 ， Data 为该网段上本地接口的 IP 地址： 10.0.123.1 。

# 查看 R1 产生的 Type-2 LSA

[R1]display ospf lsdb network self-originate

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Area: 0.0.0.0

Link State Database

Type : Network

Ls id : 10.0.123.1

Adv rtr : 10.0.1.1

Ls age : 1662

Len : 36

Options : E

seq# : 80000005

chksum : 0x3d58

Net mask : 255.255.255.0

Priority: Low

Attached Router 10.0.1.1

Attached Router 10.0.2.2

Attached Router 10.0.3.3

从输出信息可以看到 Type-2 LSA 中的 Attached Router 描述了 DR 所在网段的邻居信息。

步骤 4 观察 OSPF 邻居关系建立过程

之前查看 OSPF 邻居信息时可以看到 DR 为 10.0.123.1 ，这与根据 DR 选举原则进行预测的结

果并不一致。在 OSPF 中， DR 的选举为非抢占，即网络中存在 DR 或 BDR 时，新进入网络的

路由器不能抢占 DR 或 BDR 的角色。当在配置 OSPF 时对设备的配置顺序存在前后差距，就

可能导致选举出的 DR 为先启动的设备。

为此可以关闭 R1 、 R2 、 R3 的互联接口，并使用 debugging ospf 1 event 观察 OSPF 邻居关

系建立的具体过程，之后尽量同时重新打开 R1 、 R2 、 R3 的接口，通过 debug 输出信息查看

DR 、 BDR 的选举过程。

# 关闭 R1 、 R2 、 R3 的互联接口

[R1] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] shutdown

[R2] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4] shutdown

[R3] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4] shutdown

# 打开 R1 、 R2 、 R3 的 debug 功能以及开启 debug ospf event

<R1>terminal debugging

Info: Current terminal debugging is on.

<R1>terminal monitor

<R1>debugging ospf 1 event

R2 、 R3 相同操作，不再重复。

# 重新打开 R1 、 R2 、 R3 的互联接口

[R1] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] undo shutdown

[R2] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4] undo shutdown

[R2] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4] undo shutdown

# 在 R3 上观察 debug 输出信息

May 22 2020 14:32:25-08:00 R3 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[20]: GigabitEthernet0/0/4: change status to

up

May 22 2020 14:32:25-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[21]:The line protocol IP on the interface

GigabitEthernet0/0/4 has entered the UP state.

May 22 2020 14:32:25.650.5-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802c Line: 1281 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Intf 10.0.123.3 Rcv InterfaceUp State Down -> Waiting.

May 22 2020 14:32:25.650.6-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802c Line: 1395 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1 Send Hello Interface Up on 10.0.123.3

May 22 2020 14:32:29-08:00 R3 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1

configurations have been changed. The current change number is 20, the change loop count is 0, and

the maximum number of records is 4095.

May 22 2020 14:33:06-08:00 R3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[22]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.2, NeighborEvent=HelloReceived,

NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init)

May 22 2020 14:33:06.320.2-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802d Line: 1119 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.2 Rcv HelloReceived State Down -> Init.

May 22 2020 14:33:08.390.1-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802c Line: 2061 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1 Send Hello Interface State Changed on 10.0.123.3

May 22 2020 14:33:08.390.2-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802c Line: 2072 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Intf 10.0.123.3 Rcv WaitTimer State Waiting -> DR.

May 22 2020 14:33:08-08:00 R3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[23]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.2, NeighborEvent=2WayReceived,

NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=ExStart)

May 22 2020 14:33:08-08:00 R3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[24]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.2, NeighborEvent=NegotiationDone,

NeighborPreviousState=ExStart, NeighborCurrentState=Exchange)

May 22 2020 14:33:08.480.1-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802d Line: 1715 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.2 Rcv 2WayReceived State Init -> ExStart.

May 22 2020 14:33:08.530.1-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802d Line: 1828 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.2 Rcv NegotiationDone State ExStart -> Exchange.

May 22 2020 14:33:08-08:00 R3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[25]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.2, NeighborEvent=ExchangeDone,

NeighborPreviousState=Exchange, NeighborCurrentState=Loading)

May 22 2020 14:33:08-08:00 R3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[26]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.2, NeighborEvent=LoadingDone,

NeighborPreviousState=Loading, NeighborCurrentState=Full)

May 22 2020 14:33:08.590.3-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802d Line: 1940 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.2 Rcv ExchangeDone State Exchange -> Loading.

May 22 2020 14:33:08.590.4-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802d Line: 2339 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.2 Rcv LoadingDone State Loading -> Full.

May 22 2020 14:33:10-08:00 R3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[27]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.1, NeighborEvent=HelloReceived,

NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init)

May 22 2020 14:33:10-08:00 R3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[28]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.1, NeighborEvent=2WayReceived,

NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=ExStart)

May 22 2020 14:33:10-08:00 R3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[29]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.1, NeighborEvent=NegotiationDone,

NeighborPreviousState=ExStart, NeighborCurrentState=Exchange)

May 22 2020 14:33:10.340.1-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802d Line: 1119 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.1 Rcv HelloReceived State Down -> Init.

May 22 2020 14:33:10.340.2-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802d Line: 1715 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.1 Rcv 2WayReceived State Init -> ExStart.

May 22 2020 14:33:10.420.1-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802d Line: 1828 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.1 Rcv NegotiationDone State ExStart -> Exchange.

May 22 2020 14:33:10-08:00 R3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[30]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.1, NeighborEvent=ExchangeDone,

NeighborPreviousState=Exchange, NeighborCurrentState=Loading)

May 22 2020 14:33:10-08:00 R3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[31]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.1, NeighborEvent=LoadingDone,

NeighborPreviousState=Loading, NeighborCurrentState=Full)

May 22 2020 14:33:10.460.3-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802d Line: 1940 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.1 Rcv ExchangeDone State Exchange -> Loading.

May 22 2020 14:33:10.460.4-08:00 R3 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802d Line: 2339 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.1 Rcv LoadingDone State Loading -> Full.

在几乎同时启动 OSPF 时，从输出信息中可以看到 R3 成为 DR 。

# 查看 R2 的 debug 输出信息

May 22 2020 14:32:29-08:00 R2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1

configurations have been changed. The current change number is 15, the change loop count is 0, and

the maximum number of records is 4095.

May 22 2020 14:32:29-08:00 R2 %%01PHY/1/PHY(l)[18]: GigabitEthernet0/0/4: change status to up

May 22 2020 14:32:29-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[19]:The line protocol IP on the interface

GigabitEthernet0/0/4 has entered the UP state.

May 22 2020 14:32:29.760.5-08:00 R2 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802c Line: 1281 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Intf 10.0.123.2 Rcv InterfaceUp State Down -> Waiting.

May 22 2020 14:32:29.760.6-08:00 R2 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802c Line: 1395 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1 Send Hello Interface Up on 10.0.123.2

May 22 2020 14:33:06.310.1-08:00 R2 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802c Line: 2061 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1 Send Hello Interface State Changed on 10.0.123.2

May 22 2020 14:33:06.310.2-08:00 R2 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802c Line: 2072 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Intf 10.0.123.2 Rcv WaitTimer State Waiting -> DR.

May 22 2020 14:33:08-08:00 R2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[20]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.3, NeighborEvent=HelloReceived,

NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init)

May 22 2020 14:33:08-08:00 R2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[21]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.3, NeighborEvent=2WayReceived,

NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=ExStart)

May 22 2020 14:33:08-08:00 R2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[22]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor

status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.0.123.3, NeighborEvent=NegotiationDone,

NeighborPreviousState=ExStart, NeighborCurrentState=Exchange)

May 22 2020 14:33:08.420.1-08:00 R2 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802d Line: 1119 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.3 Rcv HelloReceived State Down -> Init.

May 22 2020 14:33:08.420.2-08:00 R2 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802d Line: 1715 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Nbr 10.0.123.3 Rcv 2WayReceived State Init -> ExStart.

May 22 2020 14:33:08.420.3-08:00 R2 RM/6/RMDEBUG:

FileID: 0x7017802c Line: 2501 Level: 0x20

OSPF 1: Intf 10.0.123.2 Rcv NeighborChange State DR -> BackupDR.

从输出信息中可以看到 R2 成为了 BDR

步骤 5 配置 OSPF 接口的网络类型

# 在 R1 上查看 OSPF 路由表中的 R2 、 R3 的 Loopback0 接口路由

<R1>display ospf routing 10.0.2.2

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Destination : 10.0.2.2/32

AdverRouter : 10.0.2.2 Area : 0.0.0.0

Cost : 1 Type : Stub

NextHop : 10.0.123.2 Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/3

Priority : Medium Age : 00h09m02s

<R1>display ospf routing 10.0.3.3

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Destination : 10.0.3.3/32

AdverRouter : 10.0.3.3 Area : 0.0.0.0

Cost : 1 Type : Stub

NextHop : 10.0.123.3 Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/3

Priority : Medium Age : 00h09m13s

可以看到 Loopback0 接口路由的掩码为 32 位，而不是实际的 24 位。

# 以 R2 为例查看 OSPF 的 Type-1 LSA

<R2>display ospf lsdb router 10.0.2.2

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.2.2

Area: 0.0.0.0

Link State Database

Type : Router

Ls id : 10.0.2.2

Adv rtr : 10.0.2.2

Ls age : 1528

Len : 48

Options : E

seq# : 80000020

chksum : 0x9653

Link count: 2

* Link ID: 10.0.2.2

Data : 255.255.255.255

Link Type: StubNet

Metric : 0

Priority : Medium

* Link ID: 10.0.123.3

Data : 10.0.123.2

Link Type: TransNet

Metric : 1

可以看到 R2 上关于 Loopback0 接口的 LSA 里已经将掩码设为 32 位， OSPF 将 Loopback 接

口视为一个末梢网络，且该网络中只连接着一个节点，因此无论该接口实际配置的网络掩码是

多少位， OSPF 在 Type-1 LSA 中描述这个接口时，都以主机（ 32 位网络掩码）的形式进行通

告。

关于 OSPF 中 Loopback 接口详细解释可以查阅 RFC 2328 Section 9.1 。

# 修改 R2 Loopback0 接口的网络类型

[R2]interface LoopBack 0

[R2-LoopBack0] ospf network-type broadcast

将 Loopback 接口的网络类型修改为 Broadcast ， OSPF 在发布这个接口的网络信息时，会使

用接口真实掩码（本例中 R2 的 Loopback0 接口真实掩码长度为 24 位）进行发布。

# 在 R1 上再次查看 OSPF 路由表中 R2 的 Loopback0 接口路由

<R1>display ospf routing 10.0.2.2

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Destination : 10.0.2.0 /24

AdverRouter : 10.0.2.2 Area : 0.0.0.0

Cost : 1 Type : Stub

NextHop : 10.0.123.2 Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/3

Priority : Low Age : 00h04m10s

从输出信息中可以看到路由的掩码已经变为 24 位。

步骤 6 修改 OSPF 接口的 Cost 值

# 在 R1 上查看 OSPF 路由表中的 R3 Loopback0 接口路由

<R1>display ospf routing 10.0.3.3

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Destination : 10.0.3.3/32

AdverRouter : 10.0.3.3 Area : 0.0.0.0

Cost : 1 Type : Stub

NextHop : 10.0.123.3 Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/3

Priority : Medium Age : 00h46m56s

从输出信息可以看到其 Cost 值为 1 。

# 修改 R1 的 GE0/0/3 接口 OSPF Cost 值为 20 ，修改 R3 的 GE0/0/4 接口 OSPF Cost 值为 10

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] ospf cost 20

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4] ospf cost 10 HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology 实验手册

第 20 页

# 在 R1 上重新查看 OSPF 路由表中的 R2 Loopback0 接口路由

<R1>display ospf routing 10.0.2.2

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Destination : 10.0.2.0/24

AdverRouter : 10.0.2.2 Area : 0.0.0.0

Cost : 20 Type : Stub

NextHop : 10.0.123.2 Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/3

Priority : Low Age : 00h04m19s

从输出信息可以看到其 Cost 值为 20 。

# 在 R3 上查看 OSPF 路由表中的 R1 Loopback0 接口路由

<R3>display ospf routing 10.0.1.1

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.3.3

Destination : 10.0.1.1/32

AdverRouter : 10.0.1.1 Area : 0.0.0.0

Cost : 10 Type : Stub

NextHop : 10.0.123.1 Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/4

Priority : Medium Age : 00h06m07s

从输出信息可以看到其 Cost 值为 10 。

步骤 7 配置 OSPF 的 Silent-Interface

# 将 R1 的 GE0/0/3 接口配置为 Silent-Iinterface

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1] silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3

# 查看 R1 的 OSPF 邻居表

<R1>display ospf peer

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

配置互联接口为 Silent-Interface 之后，不再从该接口发送、接收 hello 报文，已经建立关系

的邻居消失。

# 查看 R1 的 OSPF 接口 GE0/0/3 的信息

<R1>display ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Interfaces

Interface: 10.0.123.1 (GigabitEthernet0/0/3)

Cost: 20 State: DR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500

Priority: 1

Designated Router: 10.0.123.1

Backup Designated Router: 0.0.0.0

Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1

Silent interface, No hellos

从输出信息可以看到该接口被设置为 Silent-Interface ，不再存在 hello 报文。

# 删除 R1 上 Silent-Interface 配置

略

# 将 R2 、 R3 的 Loopback0 配置为 Silent-Interface

[R2]ospf 1

[R2-ospf-1] silent-interface LoopBack 0

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1] silent-interface LoopBack 0

# 在 R1 上查看 OSPF 路由表

<R1>display ospf routing

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1

Routing Tables

Routing for Network

Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area

10.0.1.1/32 0 Stub 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0

10.0.123.0/24 20 Transit 10.0.123.1 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0

10.0.2.0/24 20 Stub 10.0.123.2 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0

10.0.3.3/32 20 Stub 10.0.123.3 10.0.3.3 0.0.0.0

Total Nets: 4

Intra Area: 4 Inter Area: 0 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0

可以看到 R2 、 R3 Loopback0 接口路由依旧存在。