一、拷贝的类型
当需要了解拷贝(copy)的时候,我们需要先明白拷贝的类型。初学者可能会不太理解,拷贝也区分类型?
假如是简单的对象复用,其实也称之为拷贝,例如,新建一个对象A,然后令B = A,此时即拷贝了A。但是这种方式,A的内存地址是否等于B?B是否称为新对象?是否A和B的属性在修改后会不一致呢?当思考到这些问题的时候,大家可能就需要去认识拷贝的类型了,以及浅拷贝、深拷贝!
1、引用拷贝
引用拷贝是最简单的拷贝,即B = A。如下:
1)建立一个Teacher类:
package copy.entity;
public class Teacher {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
2)代码测试引用拷贝:
package copy;
import copy.entity.Teacher;
public class TestCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher();
Teacher teacher2 = teacher1;
teacher1.setAge(19);
System.out.println(teacher1);
System.out.println(teacher2);
}
}
输出结果:
从输出结果看,未重写toString的情况下,打印对象地址值相同,也意味着这是同一个对象。teacher1和teacher2通过引用关系(内存中的栈区),实际上,最终都指向了一个对象(内存中的堆区),只是引用名称不同,这种称之为引用拷贝。
2、对象拷贝
而对象拷贝,从上面分析大家可以推断出,必定会在堆内存中,产生一个新对象。
对象拷贝的实现,需要对象类实现一个拷贝接口Cloneable,并重写其clone()方法:
1)改写Teacher类:
package copy.entity;
public class Teacher implements Cloneable{
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
2)测试代码:
package copy;
import copy.entity.Teacher;
public class TestCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher();
teacher1.setAge(19);
teacher1.setName("流川枫");
Teacher teacher2 = (Teacher)teacher1.clone();
System.out.println(teacher1);
System.out.println(teacher2);
}
}
测试结果:
测试结果中看出,此时的对象地址值已经不一致,这个情况就是对象拷贝。
二、浅拷贝与深拷贝
浅拷贝与深拷贝,都属于对象拷贝。处于对象拷贝类型下。主要区别在于,假如产生对象引用其他对象时,这个第三方被引用的对象是否因为拷贝产生变化!
· 对象拷贝中,深浅拷贝地址值都是不同;
· 对象拷贝中,深浅拷贝的属性皆不同;
· 对象拷贝中,浅拷贝对象,指向第三方对象时,第三方对象不变。深拷贝相反。例子举证:
1、浅拷贝:与上述的对象拷贝例子差不多,但是为了区分深拷贝,所以加点内容
1)Teacher类,实现Cloneable接口,重写clone(),作为被引用指向的第三方对象,重写下toString,用于比较引用第三方对象区别:
package copy.entity;
public class Teacher implements Cloneable{
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Teacher{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
2)Student类,实现Cloneable接口,重写clone(),重写下toString,用于比较引用第三方对象区别:
package copy.entity;
public class Student implements Cloneable{
private String name;
private int age;
private Teacher teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", teacher=" + teacher +
'}';
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
代码测试:
package copy;
import copy.entity.Student;
import copy.entity.Teacher;
public class TestCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher();
teacher1.setAge(45);
teacher1.setName("三木长一郎");
System.out.println(teacher1);
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.setAge(15);
student1.setName("樱木花道");
student1.setTeacher(teacher1);
Student studeng2 = (Student)student1.clone();
studeng2.setName("古美门研介");
studeng2.setAge(30);
teacher1.setName("安西");
System.out.println("student1:"+student1);
System.out.println("studnet2:"+studeng2);
}
}
简单分析下上述代码:
· 新建teacher1,属性复制“三木长一郎”;
· 新建student1,属性引用对象teacher1;
· 克隆student2,修改其非引用类型,在克隆中,这个修改后是不一致的;
· 修改teacher1的name属性,变更为“安西”,此时有先后顺序,先克隆再修改;
结果 -- 看到2个students普通属性不一致了,但是指向的引用对象,却依旧一致,指向最新对象了。这就是浅拷贝!
反之,深拷贝的简单理解,会导致指向的对象,实际也是不同。
2、深拷贝:
1)代码按照浅拷贝的基础,只需要改动student类下的clone()重写内容:
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
//深拷贝的区别点:
Student student = (Student)super.clone();
student.setTeacher((Teacher)student.getTeacher().clone());
return student;
}
2)测试结果:
如图,看过灌篮高手和legal high的同学应该清楚,有什么产生了变化对吧~~