阶乘
当n为正整数时,n!=1×2×3×……×n
当n为0时,0!=1
排列
从n个不同元素中取m个元素的所有排列个数,
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D99/sign=1d53be5eaf4bd11300cdbb3b5baf5d99/0b46f21fbe096b6323e2047d0e338744ebf8ac20.jpg)
组合
从n个不同的元素里,每次取出m个元素,不管以怎样的顺序并成一组,均称为组合。所有不同组合的种数
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D160/sign=c9815a37c45c1038207ecac48210931c/9c16fdfaaf51f3de945ee34996eef01f3a29792a.jpg)
1、组合数的性质:
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D78/sign=dafedd73dfc451daf2f60ee3b6fd727d/09fa513d269759eefc4625e6b0fb43166d22df8d.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D120/sign=56e3c75841a98226bcc12f25ba82b97a/63d0f703918fa0ecb5dd2120249759ee3d6ddb81.jpg)
对组合数
,将n和k分别化为二进制,若某二进制位对应的n为0,而k为1 ,则
为偶数;否则为奇数。
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D21/sign=48e57a5bf01fbe09185ec4156b60e579/dc54564e9258d10980f0ec9fd358ccbf6c814d8f.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D21/sign=7e69d61c4890f60300b09b463812a5bb/5243fbf2b21193134495a59d67380cd790238dcd.jpg)
2、整次数二项式定理(binomial theorem)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D416/sign=0d573be6f9edab6470724cc1c136af81/060828381f30e92411c1d91c4e086e061d95f7b2.jpg)
二项式的通项
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D111/sign=046f1614cb3d70cf48faae0cc9dcd1ba/d043ad4bd11373f0f9532bb2a60f4bfbfbed04aa.jpg)
所以,有
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D476/sign=827da11db8a1cd1101b673278f13c8b0/d833c895d143ad4babb203ed80025aafa40f067a.jpg)
数列:
等差数列通项公式:an﹦a1﹢(n-1)d
等差数列前n项和:Sn=[n(A1+An)]/2 =nA1+[n(n-1)d]/2
等比数列通项公式:an=a1*q^(n-1);
等比数列前n项和:Sn=a1(1-q^n)/(1-q) =(a1-a1q^n)/(1-q) =a1/(1-q)-a1/(1-q)*q^n (n≠1)
某些数列前n项和:
1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+…+n=n(n+1)/2
1+3+5+7+9+11+13+15+…+(2n-1)=n²
2+4+6+8+10+12+14+…+(2n)=n(n+1)
1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2+5^2+6^2+7^2+8^2+…+n^2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
1^3+2^3+3^3+4^3+5^3+6^3+…n^3=(n(n+1)/2)^2
1*2+2*3+3*4+4*5+5*6+6*7+…+n(n+1)=n(n+1)(n+2)/3
归纳法证明:
得到
证明:
。。。。。。
那么,
则: