SQLite是一款轻量型数据库,是遵守ACID(原子性、一致性、隔离性、持久性)的关联式数据库管理系统,多用于嵌入式开发中。
SQLite的数据类型:Typelessness(无类型),可以保存任何类型的数据到你所想要保存的任何表的任何列中,但它又支持常见的类型如:NULL、VARCHAR、TEXT、INTEGER、BLOB、CLOB等等。唯一的例外:integer primary key 此字段只能存储64位整数。
在Android系统,提供了一个SQLiteOpenHelper抽象类,该类用于对数据库版本进行管理,该类中常用的方法:
- onCreate:数据库创建时执行(第一次连接获取数据库对象时执行)
- onUpgrade:数据库更新时执行(版本号改变时执行)
- onOpen:数据库每次打开时执行(每次打开数据库时调用,在onCreate、onUpgrade方法之后)
1、PersonSQLiteOpenHelper .java
package com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.db;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
/**
* 数据库帮助类, 用于创建和管理数据库的.
*/
public class PersonSQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
private static final String TAG = "PersonSQLiteOpenHelper";
/**
* 数据库的构造函数
* @param context
*
* name 数据库名称
* factory 游标工厂
* version 数据库的版本号 不可以小于1
*/
public PersonSQLiteOpenHelper(Context context) {
super(context, "itheima28.db", null, 2);
}
/**
* 数据库第一次创建时回调此方法.
* 初始化一些表
*/
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
// 操作数据库
String sql = "create table person(_id integer primary key, name varchar(20), age integer);";
db.execSQL(sql); // 创建person表
}
/**
* 数据库的版本号更新时回调此方法,
* 更新数据库的内容(删除表, 添加表, 修改表)
*/
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
if(oldVersion == 1 && newVersion == 2) {
Log.i(TAG, "数据库更新啦");
// 在person表中添加一个余额列balance
db.execSQL("alter table person add balance integer;");
}
}
}
2、PersonDao .java
package com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.dao;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.db.PersonSQLiteOpenHelper;
import com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.entities.Person;
public class PersonDao {
private PersonSQLiteOpenHelper mOpenHelper; // 数据库的帮助类对象
public PersonDao(Context context) {
mOpenHelper = new PersonSQLiteOpenHelper(context);
}
/**
* 添加到person表一条数据
* @param person
*/
public void insert(Person person) {
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if(db.isOpen()) { // 如果数据库打开, 执行添加的操作
// 执行添加到数据库的操作
db.execSQL("insert into person(name, age) values(?, ?);", new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getAge()});
db.close(); // 数据库关闭
}
}
/**
* 更据id删除记录
* @param id
*/
public void delete(int id) {
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); // 获得可写的数据库对象
if(db.isOpen()) { // 如果数据库打开, 执行添加的操作
db.execSQL("delete from person where _id = ?;", new Integer[]{id});
db.close(); // 数据库关闭
}
}
/**
* 根据id找到记录, 并且修改姓名
* @param id
* @param name
*/
public void update(int id, String name) {
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if(db.isOpen()) { // 如果数据库打开, 执行添加的操作
db.execSQL("update person set name = ? where _id = ?;", new Object[]{name, id});
db.close(); // 数据库关闭
}
}
public List<Person> queryAll() {
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); // 获得一个只读的数据库对象
if(db.isOpen()) {
Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select _id, name, age from person;", null);
if(cursor != null && cursor.getCount() > 0) {
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
int id;
String name;
int age;
while(cursor.moveToNext()) {
id = cursor.getInt(0); // 取第0列的数据 id
name = cursor.getString(1); // 取姓名
age = cursor.getInt(2); // 取年龄
personList.add(new Person(id, name, age));
}
db.close();
return personList;
}
db.close();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 根据id查询人
* @param id
* @return
*/
public Person queryItem(int id) {
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(); // 获得一个只读的数据库对象
if(db.isOpen()) {
Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select _id, name, age from person where _id = ?;", new String[]{id + ""});
if(cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int _id = cursor.getInt(0);
String name = cursor.getString(1);
int age = cursor.getInt(2);
db.close();
return new Person(_id, name, age);
}
db.close();
}
return null;
}
}
3、Person .java
package com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.entities;
public class Person {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Person() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public Person(int id, String name, int age) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
4、Test测试类
package com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.test;
import java.util.List;
import com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.dao.PersonDao;
import com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.db.PersonSQLiteOpenHelper;
import com.itheima28.sqlitedemo.entities.Person;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
import android.util.Log;
public class TestCase extends AndroidTestCase {
private static final String TAG = "TestCase";
public void test() {
// 数据库什么时候创建
PersonSQLiteOpenHelper openHelper = new PersonSQLiteOpenHelper(getContext());
// 第一次连接数据库时创建数据库文件. onCreate会被调用
openHelper.getReadableDatabase();
}
public void testInsert() {
PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
dao.insert(new Person(0, "冠希", 28));
}
public void testDelete() {
PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
dao.delete(1);
}
public void testUpdate() {
PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
dao.update(3, "凤姐");
}
public void testQueryAll() {
PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
List<Person> personList = dao.queryAll();
for (Person person : personList) {
Log.i(TAG, person.toString());
}
}
public void testQueryItem() {
PersonDao dao = new PersonDao(getContext());
Person person = dao.queryItem(4);
Log.i(TAG, person.toString());
}
public void testTransaction() {
PersonSQLiteOpenHelper openHelper = new PersonSQLiteOpenHelper(getContext());
SQLiteDatabase db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if(db.isOpen()) {
try {
// 开启事务
db.beginTransaction();
// 1. 从张三账户中扣1000块钱
db.execSQL("update person set balance = balance - 1000 where name = 'zhangsan';");
// ATM机, 挂掉了.
// int result = 10 / 0;
// 2. 向李四账户中加1000块钱
db.execSQL("update person set balance = balance + 1000 where name = 'lisi';");
// 标记事务成功
db.setTransactionSuccessful();
} finally {
// 停止事务
db.endTransaction();
}
db.close();
}
}
public void testTransactionInsert() {
PersonSQLiteOpenHelper openHelper = new PersonSQLiteOpenHelper(getContext());
SQLiteDatabase db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if(db.isOpen()) {
// 1. 记住当前的时间
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 2. 开始添加数据
try {
db.beginTransaction();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
db.execSQL("insert into person(name, age, balance) values('wang" + i + "', " + (10 + i) + ", " + (10000 + i) + ")");
}
db.setTransactionSuccessful();
} finally {
db.endTransaction();
}
// 3. 记住结束时间, 计算耗时时间
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
long diff = end - start;
Log.i(TAG, "耗时: " + diff + "毫秒");
db.close();
}
}
}