1.直线的拟合,代码如下所示:
# 简化调用库名
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
# 模拟生成100对数据对, 对应的函数为y = x * 0.1 + 0.3
x_data = np.random.rand(100).astype("float32")
y_data = x_data * 0.1 + 0.3
# 指定w和b变量的取值范围(注意我们要利用TensorFlow来得到w和b的值)
W = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform([1], -1.0, 1.0))
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([1]))
y = W * x_data + b
# 最小化均方误差
loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(y - y_data))
optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.5)
train = optimizer.minimize(loss)
# 初始化TensorFlow参数
init = tf.initialize_all_variables()
# 运行数据流图(注意在这一步才开始执行计算过程)
sess = tf.Session()
sess.run(init)
# 观察多次迭代计算时,w和b的拟合值
for step in xrange(201):
sess.run(train)
if step % 20 == 0:
print(step, sess.run(W), sess.run(b))
# 最好的情况是w和b分别接近甚至等于0.1和0.3
结果如下所示:
2.曲线的拟合,代码如下所示:
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#使用numpy生成200个随机点
x_data=np.linspace(-0.5,0.5,200)[:,np.newaxis]
noise=np.random.normal(0,0.02,x_data.shape)
#print(noise)
y_data=np.square(x_data)+noise
#定义两个placeholder
x=tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,1])
y=tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,1])
#定义神经网络中间层
weights_l1=tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([1,10]))
biase_l1=tf.Variable(tf.zeros([1,10]))
W_xplus_b_l1=tf.matmul(x,weights_l1)+biase_l1
l1=tf.nn.tanh(W_xplus_b_l1)
#定义输出层
weights_l2=tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([10,1]))
baise_l2=tf.Variable(tf.zeros([1,1]))
W_xplus_b_l2=tf.matmul(l1,weights_l2)+baise_l2
prediction=tf.nn.tanh(W_xplus_b_l2)
#定义损失函数
loss=tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(y_data-prediction))
#使用梯度下降法
train_step=tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.1).minimize(loss)
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
for _ in range(2000):
sess.run(train_step,feed_dict={x:x_data,y:y_data})
#获得预测值
prediction_value=sess.run(prediction,feed_dict={x:x_data})
#画图
plt.figure()
plt.scatter(x_data,y_data)
plt.plot(x_data,prediction_value,'r-',lw=5)
plt.show()
结果如下所示: