OpenMP学习之--数据环境（代码示例）

这是里把OpenMP常用的数据环境construct用代码示例的方法写出来了，主要包括private，firstprivate，lastprivate和copyin。注释部分对这几种construct作用和区别描述已经很详细了，这里就补多说，相信演示代码会有更好的效果。

 

// Data Environment.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 // #include "stdafx.h" #include "omp.h" int cpx = 100; // threadprivate只对全局或静态数据项有效 #pragma omp threadprivate(cpx) // 必须在main外 int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { int i, px, fpx, lpx; px=fpx=lpx= 100; cpx = 100; printf("/n--------------------------------private--------------------------------/n"); #pragma omp parallel for private(px) // threadprivate和private的区别是private只在并行区中有效，而threadprivate属性是全局范围内有效的。 for (i=0; i<5; i++) { px = 1000; // private构造px之后,包括主线程在内的所有变量px都是线程私有的，且需要从新初始化，否则运行出错。 px += i; printf("threadnum = %d, px = %d/n",omp_get_thread_num(), px); } printf("串行 threadnum = %d, px = %d/n",omp_get_thread_num(), px); // private构造的变量是线程局部的，退出并行去后线程变量自动销毁。这里是原来的串行区对应变量px，并且和下次进入并行区的 变量无关。 printf("/n--------------------------------firstprivate--------------------------------/n"); #pragma omp parallel for firstprivate(fpx) // 设变量属性为private，同时每个线程的这个变量的初始值为串行区对应变量的值，这样就不需要我们再次初始化。 for (i=0; i<9; i++) { fpx += i; // 这之前没有再次初始化fpx printf("threadnum = %d, fpx = %d/n",omp_get_thread_num(), fpx); } printf("串行 threadnum = %d, fpx = %d/n",omp_get_thread_num(), fpx); //同样，因为变量属性为private，是局部的，这里的fpx还是以前的（串行区对应变量），值并没有改变。 printf("/n--------------------------------lastprivate--------------------------------/n"); #pragma omp parallel for lastprivate(lpx) // 最后一次迭代内的lastprivate变量的值将被带出并行区赋给串行区对应的同名变量，当然这个必须和for循环一起用，否则会出错。 for (i=0; i<9; i++) { lpx = 1000; // lastprivate构造lpx之后,变量lpx变成线程私有的局部变量，因此需要从新初始化，否则运行出错。 lpx += i; printf("threadnum = %d, lpx = %d/n",omp_get_thread_num(), lpx); } printf("串行 threadnum = %d, lpx = %d/n",omp_get_thread_num(), lpx); // lastprivate将最后一次迭代的变量值赋给了对应的全局变量，所以这里的lpx值变化了 printf("--------------------------------copyin parallel first--------------------------------/n"); cpx = 1000; #pragma omp parallel { printf("threadnum = %d, cpx = %d/n", omp_get_thread_num(), cpx); //threadprivate，主线程继承原来串行区的值，其他线程继承对应的全局变量的值。（串行区是由主线程执行的，就是说主 线程中的cpx值之前已被更改，而其他的未变） } printf("串行 cpx=%d/n",cpx); printf("--------------------------------copyin parallel second--------------------------------/n"); #pragma omp parallel copyin(cpx) // copyin: 把主线程（串行区）全局变量的值拷贝到各线程中同名的threadprivate变量中去。 { printf("copyin，threadnum = %d, original cpx = %d/n", omp_get_thread_num(), cpx); cpx = omp_get_thread_num(); printf("after change,threadnum = %d, copyin: cpx = %d/n",omp_get_thread_num(), cpx); } printf("串行 cpx=%d/n",cpx); printf("--------------------------------copyin parallel third--------------------------------/n"); #pragma omp parallel //threadprivate不同于private的是前者是全局有效的，再次进入并行区，使用的还是上次退出前赋予的值 printf("threadnum = %d, cpx = %d/n", omp_get_thread_num(), cpx); printf("串行 cpx=%d/n",cpx); return 0; }

 

下面是程序的输出结果：

 

--------------------------------private-------------------------------- threadnum = 0, px = 1000 threadnum = 2, px = 1003 threadnum = 0, px = 1001 threadnum = 3, px = 1004 threadnum = 1, px = 1002 串行 threadnum = 0, px = 100 --------------------------------firstprivate-------------------------------- threadnum = 0, fpx = 100 threadnum = 0, fpx = 101 threadnum = 2, fpx = 105 threadnum = 0, fpx = 103 threadnum = 2, fpx = 111 threadnum = 3, fpx = 107 threadnum = 3, fpx = 115 threadnum = 1, fpx = 103 threadnum = 1, fpx = 107 串行 threadnum = 0, fpx = 100 --------------------------------lastprivate-------------------------------- threadnum = 0, lpx = 1000 threadnum = 1, lpx = 1003 threadnum = 0, lpx = 1001 threadnum = 1, lpx = 1004 threadnum = 0, lpx = 1002 threadnum = 3, lpx = 1007 threadnum = 3, lpx = 1008 threadnum = 2, lpx = 1005 threadnum = 2, lpx = 1006 串行 threadnum = 0, lpx = 1008 --------------------------------copyin parallel first-------------------------------- threadnum = 0, cpx = 1000 threadnum = 1, cpx = 100 threadnum = 3, cpx = 100 threadnum = 2, cpx = 100 串行 cpx=1000 --------------------------------copyin parallel second-------------------------------- copyin，threadnum = 1, original cpx = 1000 after change,threadnum = 1, copyin: cpx = 1 copyin，threadnum = 3, original cpx = 1000 after change,threadnum = 3, copyin: cpx = 3 copyin，threadnum = 2, original cpx = 1000 copyin，threadnum = 0, original cpx = 1000 after change,threadnum = 2, copyin: cpx = 2 after change,threadnum = 0, copyin: cpx = 0 串行 cpx=0 --------------------------------copyin parallel third-------------------------------- threadnum = 0, cpx = 0 threadnum = 1, cpx = 1 threadnum = 3, cpx = 3 threadnum = 2, cpx = 2 串行 cpx=0