1)存储结构:存储结构和hashmap相似,但是添加一个root级别的锁。
链表:
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> { final int hash; final K key; volatile V val; volatile Node<K,V> next; Node(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) { this.hash = hash; this.key = key; this.val = val; this.next = next; }
树:
static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> { TreeNode<K,V> parent; // red-black tree links TreeNode<K,V> left; TreeNode<K,V> right; TreeNode<K,V> prev; // needed to unlink next upon deletion boolean red; TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next, TreeNode<K,V> parent) { super(hash, key, val, next); this.parent = parent; }
锁根
/** * TreeNodes used at the heads of bins. TreeBins do not hold user * keys or values, but instead point to list of TreeNodes and * their root. They also maintain a parasitic read-write lock * forcing writers (who hold bin lock) to wait for readers (who do * not) to complete before tree restructuring operations. */ static final class TreeBin<K,V> extends Node<K,V> { TreeNode<K,V> root; volatile TreeNode<K,V> first; volatile Thread waiter; volatile int lockState; // values for lockState static final int WRITER = 1; // set while holding write lock static final int WAITER = 2; // set when waiting for write lock static final int READER = 4; // increment value for setting read lock
2)put,里面大量使用unsafe 类,乐观写比同步锁要快很多。concurrent相对于hashmap 就是因为多了
乐观锁的操作
static final <K,V> Node<K,V> tabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i) { return (Node<K,V>)U.getObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE); }
static final <K,V> boolean casTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i, Node<K,V> c, Node<K,V> v) { return U.compareAndSwapObject(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, c, v); }
因为这些东西,使得线程变的安全,而且乐观锁比悲观锁的性能好好很多。
/** Implementation for put and putIfAbsent */
final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
int binCount = 0;
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
tab = initTable();
//分支没有数据,直接写就行。
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
break; // no lock when adding to empty bin
}
//数据多了之后可以在移动,
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
V oldVal = null;
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
K ek;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
oldVal = e.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
e.val = value;
break;
}
Node<K,V> pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null) {
pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
value, null);
break;
}
}
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
Node<K,V> p;
binCount = 2;
if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
value)) != null) {
oldVal = p.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
p.val = value;
}
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0) {
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
treeifyBin(tab, i);
if (oldVal != null)
return oldVal;
break;
}
}
}
addCount(1L, binCount);
return null;
}
1)存储结构:存储结构和hashmap相似,但是添加一个root级别的锁。
链表:
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> { final int hash; final K key; volatile V val; volatile Node<K,V> next; Node(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) { this.hash = hash; this.key = key; this.val = val; this.next = next; }
树:
static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> { TreeNode<K,V> parent; // red-black tree links TreeNode<K,V> left; TreeNode<K,V> right; TreeNode<K,V> prev; // needed to unlink next upon deletion boolean red; TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next, TreeNode<K,V> parent) { super(hash, key, val, next); this.parent = parent; }
锁根
/** * TreeNodes used at the heads of bins. TreeBins do not hold user * keys or values, but instead point to list of TreeNodes and * their root. They also maintain a parasitic read-write lock * forcing writers (who hold bin lock) to wait for readers (who do * not) to complete before tree restructuring operations. */ static final class TreeBin<K,V> extends Node<K,V> { TreeNode<K,V> root; volatile TreeNode<K,V> first; volatile Thread waiter; volatile int lockState; // values for lockState static final int WRITER = 1; // set while holding write lock static final int WAITER = 2; // set when waiting for write lock static final int READER = 4; // increment value for setting read lock
2)put,里面大量使用unsafe 类,乐观写比同步锁要快很多。concurrent相对于hashmap 就是因为多了
乐观锁的操作
static final <K,V> Node<K,V> tabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i) { return (Node<K,V>)U.getObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE); }
static final <K,V> boolean casTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i, Node<K,V> c, Node<K,V> v) { return U.compareAndSwapObject(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, c, v); }
因为这些东西,使得线程变的安全,而且乐观锁比悲观锁的性能好好很多。
/** Implementation for put and putIfAbsent */
final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
int binCount = 0;
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
tab = initTable();
//分支没有数据,直接写就行。
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
break; // no lock when adding to empty bin
}
//数据多了之后可以在移动,
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
V oldVal = null;
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
K ek;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
oldVal = e.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
e.val = value;
break;
}
Node<K,V> pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null) {
pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
value, null);
break;
}
}
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
Node<K,V> p;
binCount = 2;
if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
value)) != null) {
oldVal = p.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
p.val = value;
}
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0) {
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
treeifyBin(tab, i);
if (oldVal != null)
return oldVal;
break;
}
}
}
addCount(1L, binCount);
return null;
}