Windows上Qt事件处理机制详解:
1、谁来产生事件: 最容易想到的是我们的输入设备,比如键盘、鼠标产生的
keyPressEvent,keyReleaseEvent,mousePressEvent,mouseReleaseEvent事件(他们被封装成QMouseEvent和QKeyEvent),这些事件来自于底层的操作系统,它们以异步的形式通知Qt事件处理系统,后文会仔细道来。当然Qt自己也会产生很多事件,比如QObject::startTimer()会触发QTimerEvent. 用户的程序还可以自己定制事件。
2、谁来接受和处理事件:答案是QObject。QObject 类是整个Qt对象模型的心脏,事件处理机制是QObject三大职责(内存管理、内省(intropection)与事件处理制)之一。任何一个想要接受并处理事件的对象均须继承自QObject,可以选择重载QObject::event()函数或事件的处理权转给父类。
3、谁来负责分发事件:对于non-GUI的Qt程序,是由QCoreApplication负责将QEvent分发给QObject的子类-Receiver. 对于Qt GUI程序,由QApplication来负责。
接下来,将通过对代码的解析来看看QT是如何利用event loop从事件队列中获取用户输入事件,又是如何将事件转义成QEvents,并分发给相应的QObject处理。
#include <QApplication>
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#include "widget.h"
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//Section 1
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int main(int argc, char *argv[])
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{
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QApplication app(argc, argv);
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Widget window; // Widget 继承自QWidget
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window.show();
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return app.exec(); // 进入QApplication事件循环,见section 2
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} <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span>
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// Section 2:
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int QApplication::exec()
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{
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//skip codes
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//简单的交给QCoreApplication来处理事件循环=〉section 3
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return QCoreApplication::exec();
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}
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// Section 3
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int QCoreApplication::exec()
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{
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//得到当前Thread数据,确保在同一个线程
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QThreadData *threadData = self->d_func()->threadData;
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if (threadData != QThreadData::current()) {
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qWarning("%s::exec: Must be called from the main thread", self->metaObject()->className());
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return -1;
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}
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//检查event loop是否已经创建
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if (!threadData->eventLoops.isEmpty()) {
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qWarning("QCoreApplication::exec: The event loop is already running");
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return -1;
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}
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...
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QEventLoop eventLoop;
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self->d_func()->in_exec = true;
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self->d_func()->aboutToQuitEmitted = false;
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//委任QEventLoop 处理事件队列循环 ==> Section 4
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int returnCode = eventLoop.exec();
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....
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}
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return returnCode;
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}
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// Section 4
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int QEventLoop::exec(ProcessEventsFlags flags)
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{
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//这里的实现代码不少,最为重要的是以下几行
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Q_D(QEventLoop); // 访问QEventloop私有类实例d
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try {
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//只要没有遇见exit,循环派发事件
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while (!d->exit)
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processEvents(flags | WaitForMoreEvents | EventLoopExec);
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} catch (...) {}
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}
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// Section 5
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bool QEventLoop::processEvents(ProcessEventsFlags flags)
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{
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Q_D(QEventLoop);
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if (!d->threadData->eventDispatcher)
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return false;
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if (flags & DeferredDeletion)
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QCoreApplication::sendPostedEvents(0, QEvent::DeferredDelete);
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//将事件派发给与平台相关的QAbstractEventDispatcher子类 =>Section 6
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return d->threadData->eventDispatcher->processEvents(flags);
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}
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// Section 6,QTDIR\src\corelib\kernel\qeventdispatcher_win.cpp
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// 这段代码是完成与windows平台相关的windows c++。 以跨平台著称的Qt同时也提供了对Symiban,Unix等平台的消息派发支持
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// 其事现分别封装在QEventDispatcherSymbian和QEventDispatcherUNIX
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// QEventDispatcherWin32派生自QAbstractEventDispatcher.
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bool QEventDispatcherWin32::processEvents(QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlags flags)
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{
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Q_D(QEventDispatcherWin32);
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if (!d->internalHwnd)
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createInternalHwnd();
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d->interrupt = false;
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emit awake();
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bool canWait;
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bool retVal = false;
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bool seenWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = false;
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bool needWM_QT_SENDPOSTEDEVENTS = false;
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do {
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DWORD waitRet = 0;
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HANDLE pHandles[MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1];
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QVarLengthArray<MSG> processedTimers;
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while (!d->interrupt) {
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DWORD nCount = d->winEventNotifierList.count();
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Q_ASSERT(nCount < MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS - 1);
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MSG msg;
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bool haveMessage;
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if (!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents) && !d->queuedUserInputEvents.isEmpty()) {
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// process queued user input events
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haveMessage = true;
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//从处理用户输入队列中取出一条事件
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msg = d->queuedUserInputEvents.takeFirst();
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} else if(!(flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers) && !d->queuedSocketEvents.isEmpty()) {
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// 从处理socket队列中取出一条事件
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haveMessage = true;
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msg = d->queuedSocketEvents.takeFirst();
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} else {
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haveMessage = PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE);
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if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents)
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&& ((msg.message >= WM_KEYFIRST
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&& msg.message <= WM_KEYLAST)
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|| (msg.message >= WM_MOUSEFIRST
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&& msg.message <= WM_MOUSELAST)
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|| msg.message == WM_MOUSEWHEEL
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|| msg.message == WM_MOUSEHWHEEL
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|| msg.message == WM_TOUCH
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#ifndef QT_NO_GESTURES
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|| msg.message == WM_GESTURE
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|| msg.message == WM_GESTURENOTIFY
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#endif
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|| msg.message == WM_CLOSE)) {
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// 用户输入事件入队列,待以后处理
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haveMessage = false;
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d->queuedUserInputEvents.append(msg);
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}
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if (haveMessage && (flags & QEventLoop::ExcludeSocketNotifiers)
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&& (msg.message == WM_QT_SOCKETNOTIFIER && msg.hwnd == d->internalHwnd)) {
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// socket 事件入队列,待以后处理
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haveMessage = false;
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d->queuedSocketEvents.append(msg);
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}
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}
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....
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if (!filterEvent(&msg)) {
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TranslateMessage(&msg);
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//将事件打包成message调用Windows API派发出去
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//分发一个消息给窗口程序。消息被分发到回调函数,将消息传递给windows系统,windows处理完毕,会调用回调函数 => section 7
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DispatchMessage(&msg);
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}
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}
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}
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} while (canWait);
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...
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return retVal;
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}
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// Section 7 windows窗口回调函数 定义在QTDIR\src\gui\kernel\qapplication_win.cpp
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extern "C" LRESULT QT_WIN_CALLBACK QtWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
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{
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...
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//将消息重新封装成QEvent的子类QMouseEvent ==> Section 8
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result = widget->translateMouseEvent(msg);
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...
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}
从Section 1~Section7, Qt进入QApplication的event loop,经过层层委任,最终QEventloop的processEvent将通过与平台相关的QAbstractEventDispatcher的子类QEventDispatcherWin32获得用户的用户输入事件,并将其打包成message后,通过标准Windows API ,把消息传递给了Windows OS,Windows OS得到通知后回调QtWndProc, 至此事件的分发与处理完成了一半的路程。
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// (续上文Section 7) Section 2-1:
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QT_WIN_CALLBACK QtWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
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{
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...
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//检查message是否属于Qt可转义的鼠标事件
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if (qt_is_translatable_mouse_event(message)) {
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if (QApplication::activePopupWidget() != 0) {
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POINT curPos = msg.pt;
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//取得鼠标点击坐标所在的QWidget指针,它指向我们在main创建的widget实例
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QWidget* w = QApplication::widgetAt(curPos.x, curPos.y);
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if (w)
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widget = (QETWidget*)w;
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}
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if (!qt_tabletChokeMouse) {
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//对,就在这里。Windows的回调函数将鼠标事件分发回给了Qt Widget
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// => Section 2-2
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result = widget->translateMouseEvent(msg);
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...
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}
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// Section 2-2 $QTDIR\src\gui\kernel\qapplication_win.cpp
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//该函数所在与Windows平台相关,主要职责就是把已windows格式打包的鼠标事件解包、翻译成QApplication可识别的QMouseEvent,QWidget.
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bool QETWidget::translateMouseEvent(const MSG &msg)
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{
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//.. 这里很长的代码给以忽略
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// 让我们看一下sendMouseEvent的声明
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// widget是事件的接受者; e是封装好的QMouseEvent
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// ==> Section 2-3
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res = QApplicationPrivate::sendMouseEvent(widget, &e, alienWidget, this, &qt_button_down, qt_last_mouse_receiver);
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}
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// Section 2-3 $QTDIR\src\gui\kernel\qapplication.cpp
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bool QApplicationPrivate::sendMouseEvent(QWidget *receiver, QMouseEvent *event,
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QWidget *alienWidget, QWidget *nativeWidget,
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QWidget **buttonDown, QPointer<QWidget> &lastMouseReceiver,
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bool spontaneous)
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{
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//至此与平台相关代码处理完毕
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//MouseEvent默认的发送方式是spontaneous, 所以将执行sendSpontaneousEvent。 sendSpontaneousEvent() 与 sendEvent的代码实现几乎相同,
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除了将QEvent的属性spontaneous标记不同。 这里是解释什么spontaneous事件:如果事件由应用程序之外产生的,比如一个系统事件。
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显然MousePress事件是由视窗系统产生的一个的事件(详见上文Section 1~ Section 7),因此它是 spontaneous事件
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if (spontaneous)
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result = QApplication::sendSpontaneousEvent(receiver, event); ==〉Section 2-4
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else
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result = QApplication::sendEvent(receiver, event);
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}
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// Section 2-4 C:\Qt\4.7.1-Vs\src\corelib\kernel\qcoreapplication.h
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inline bool QCoreApplication::sendSpontaneousEvent(QObject *receiver, QEvent *event)
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{
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//将event标记为自发事件
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//进一步调用 2-5 QCoreApplication::notifyInternal
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if (event) event->spont = true; return self ? self->notifyInternal(receiver, event) : false;
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}
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// Section 2-5: $QTDIR\gui\kernel\qapplication.cpp
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bool QCoreApplication::notifyInternal(QObject *receiver, QEvent *event)
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{
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// 几行代码对于Qt Jambi (QT Java绑定版本) 和QSA (QT Script for Application)的支持
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...
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// 以下代码主要意图为Qt强制事件只能够发送给当前线程里的对象,也就是说receiver->d_func()->threadData应该等于QThreadData::current()。
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注意,跨线程的事件需要借助Event Loop来派发
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QObjectPrivate *d = receiver->d_func();
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QThreadData *threadData = d->threadData;
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++threadData->loopLevel;
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bool returnValue;
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QT_TRY {
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//哇,终于来到大名鼎鼎的函数QCoreApplication::nofity()了 ==> Section 2-6
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returnValue = notify(receiver, event);
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} QT_CATCH (...) {
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--threadData->loopLevel;
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QT_RETHROW;
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}
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}
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// Section 2-6: $QTDIR\gui\kernel\qapplication.cpp
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// QCoreApplication::notify和它的重载函数QApplication::notify在Qt的派发过程中起到核心的作用,Qt的官方文档时这样说的:
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任何线程的任何对象的所有事件在发送时都会调用notify函数。
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bool QApplication::notify(QObject *receiver, QEvent *e)
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{
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//代码很长,最主要的是一个大大的Switch,Case
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..
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switch ( e->type())
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{
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...
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case QEvent::MouseButtonPress:
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case QEvent::MouseButtonRelease:
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case QEvent::MouseButtonDblClick:
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case QEvent::MouseMove:
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...
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//让自己私有类(d是私有类的句柄)来进一步处理 ==> Section 2-7
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res = d->notify_helper(w, w == receiver ? mouse : &me);
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e->spont = false;
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break;
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}
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...
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}
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// Section 2-7: $QTDIR\gui\kernel\qapplication.cpp
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bool QApplicationPrivate::notify_helper(QObject *receiver, QEvent * e)
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{
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...
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// 向事件过滤器发送该事件,这里介绍一下Event Filters. 事件过滤器是一个接受即将发送给目标对象所有事件的对象。
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//如代码所示它开始处理事件在目标对象行动之前。过滤器的QObject::eventFilter()实现被调用,能接受或者丢弃过滤,
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允许或者拒绝事件的更进一步的处理。如果所有的事件过滤器允许更进一步的事件处理,事件将被发送到目标对象本身。
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如果他们中的一个停止处理,目标和任何后来的事件过滤器不能看到任何事件。
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if (sendThroughObjectEventFilters(receiver, e))
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return true;
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// 递交事件给receiver => Section 2-8
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bool consumed = receiver->event(e);
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e->spont = false;
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}
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// Section 2-8 $QTDIR\gui\kernel\qwidget.cpp
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// QApplication通过notify及其私有类notify_helper,将事件最终派发给了QObject的子类- QWidget.
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bool QWidget::event(QEvent *event)
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{
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...
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switch(event->type()) {
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case QEvent::MouseButtonPress:
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// Don't reset input context here. Whether reset or not is
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// a responsibility of input method. reset() will be
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// called by mouseHandler() of input method if necessary
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// via mousePressEvent() of text widgets.
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#if 0
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resetInputContext();
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#endif
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//mousePressEvent是虚函数,QWidget的子类可以通过重载重新定义mousePress事件的行为
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mousePressEvent((QMouseEvent*)event);
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break;
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}
- main(int, char **)
- QApplication::exec()
- QCoreApplication::exec()
- QEventLoop::exec(ProcessEventsFlags )
- QEventLoop::processEvents(ProcessEventsFlags )
- QEventDispatcherWin32::processEvents(QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlags)
- QT_WIN_CALLBACK QtWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) bool QETWidget::translateMouseEvent(const MSG &msg)
- bool QApplicationPrivate::sendMouseEvent(...)
- inline bool QCoreApplication::sendSpontaneousEvent(QObject *receiver, QEvent *event)
- bool QCoreApplication::notifyInternal(QObject *receiver, QEvent *event) bool QApplication::notify(QObject *receiver, QEvent *e)
- bool QApplicationPrivate::notify_helper(QObject *receiver, QEvent * e)
- bool QWidget::event(QEvent *event)