设计模式-观察者模式（observer pattern）

 观察者模式：定义了对象之间的一对多依赖，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态时，它的所有依赖者都会收到通知并自动更新。

设计原则：为了交互对象之间的松耦合设计而努力。

要点：

• 观察者定义了对象之间一对多的关系
• 主题（可观察者）用一个共同的接口来更新观察者
• 观察者和被观察者用松耦合方式结合，被观察者不知道观察者的细节，只知道观察者实现了观察者接口

 

//观察者接口
public interface Observer {
    void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure);
}
//显示接口
public interface DisplayElement {
    void display();

}
//主题接口
public interface Subject {
    void registerObserver(Observer o);

    void removeObserver(Observer o);

    void notifyObserver();
}
//主题
public class WeatherData implements Subject {
    private float               temperature;
    private float               humidity;
    private float               pressure;
    private ArrayList<Observer> observers;

    public WeatherData() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        observers = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    public void setMeasureMents(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        measurementsChanged();
    }

    public void measurementsChanged() {

        notifyObserver();
    }

    @Override
    public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        observers.add(o);
    }

    @Override
    public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        int i = observers.indexOf(o);
        observers.remove(i);

    }

    @Override
    public void notifyObserver() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
            Observer observer = observers.get(i);
            observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
        }
    }

}
//实现观察者接口，显示接口
public class CurrentConditionDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
    float   temperature;
    float   humidity;
    float   pressure;
    Subject weatherData;

    public CurrentConditionDisplay(Subject weatherData) {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        this.weatherData = weatherData;
        weatherData.registerObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void display() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("显示当前状态 pressure=" + pressure + ",temperature=" + temperature);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        temperature = temp;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }

}
//主类
public class WeatherStation {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();

        CurrentConditionDisplay currentConditionDisplay = new CurrentConditionDisplay(weatherData);
        weatherData.setMeasureMents(10, 11, 12);


    }
}

java中有内置的观察者模式，我们现在就使用内置的java观察者模式

import java.util.Observable;
//继承可观察者类
public class WeatherData extends Observable {
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;
    private float pressure;

    public WeatherData() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

    }

    public void setMeasureMents(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        measurementsChanged();
    }

    public void measurementsChanged() {
        setChanged();
        notifyObservers();
    }

    public float getTemperature() {
        return temperature;
    }

    public float getHumidity() {
        return humidity;
    }

    public float getPressure() {
        return pressure;
    }
}
//实现观察者接口
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;

public class CurrentConditionDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
    float temperature;
    float humidity;
    float pressure;

    public CurrentConditionDisplay(Observable observable) {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        observable.addObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void display() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("显示当前状态 pressure=" + pressure + ",temperature=" + temperature);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        if (o instanceof WeatherData) {
            WeatherData weatherData = (WeatherData) o;
            temperature = weatherData.getTemperature();
            humidity = weatherData.getHumidity();
            pressure = weatherData.getPressure();
            display();

        }
    }

}
//主类
public class WeatherStation {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();

        CurrentConditionDisplay currentConditionDisplay = new CurrentConditionDisplay(weatherData);
        weatherData.setMeasureMents(10, 11, 12);

    }
}

那么我们用java内置的类会出现什么问题呢？？

• setChanged方法定义为protected，无法创建observable实例
• observable是一个类，限制了observable复用的潜力
• 不能依赖与观察者被通知的顺序

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3140668/blog/1827421