定义对象间一对多的依赖关系,每当这个对象发生改变时,其他对象都能收到通知并更新自己。
应用场景
-
关联行为场景
-
事件多级触发场景
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跨系统的消息交换场景,例如消息队列,事件总线的处理机制。
MySubject类就是我们的主对象,Observer1和Observer2是依赖于MySubject的对象,当MySubject变化时,Observer1和Observer2必然变化。AbstractSubject类中定义着需要监控的对象列表,可以对其进行修改:增加或删除被监控对象,且当MySubject变化时,负责通知在列表内存在的对象。
public interface Observer {
public void update();
}
public class Observer1 implements Observer {
@Override
public void update() {
System.out.println("observer1 has received!");
}
}
public class Observer2 implements Observer {
@Override
public void update() {
System.out.println("observer2 has received!");
}
}
public interface Subject {
/*增加观察者*/
public void add(Observer observer);
/*删除观察者*/
public void del(Observer observer);
/*通知所有的观察者*/
public void notifyObservers();
/*自身的操作*/
public void operation();
}
public abstract class AbstractSubject implements Subject {
private Vector<Observer> vector = new Vector<Observer>();
@Override
public void add(Observer observer) {
vector.add(observer);
}
@Override
public void del(Observer observer) {
vector.remove(observer);
}
@Override
public void notifyObservers() {
Enumeration<Observer> enumo = vector.elements();
while(enumo.hasMoreElements()){
enumo.nextElement().update();
}
}
}
public class MySubject extends AbstractSubject {
@Override
public void operation() {
System.out.println("update self!");
notifyObservers();
}
}
public class ObserverTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Subject sub = new MySubject();
sub.add(new Observer1());
sub.add(new Observer2());
sub.operation();
}
}
public abstract class AbstractCursor {
//定义管理器
DataSetObservable mDataSetObservable = new DataSetObservable();
ContentObservable mContentObservable = new ContentObservable();
//注册和卸载两类观察者
public void registerContentObserver(ContentObserver observer) {
mContentObservable.registerObserver(observer);
}
public void unregisterContentObserver(ContentObserver observer) {
// cursor will unregister all observers when it close
if (!mClosed) {
mContentObservable.unregisterObserver(observer);
}
}
public void registerDataSetObserver(DataSetObserver observer) {
mDataSetObservable.registerObserver(observer);
}
public void unregisterDataSetObserver(DataSetObserver observer) {
mDataSetObservable.unregisterObserver(observer);
}
//2类通知方法
protected void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
synchronized (mSelfObserverLock) {
mContentObservable.dispatchChange(selfChange);
if (mNotifyUri != null && selfChange) {
mContentResolver.notifyChange(mNotifyUri, mSelfObserver);
}
}
}
protected void notifyDataSetChange() {
mDataSetObservable.notifyChanged();
}
}
public abstract class Observable<T> {
/**
* 观察者列表
*/
protected final ArrayList<T> mObservers = new ArrayList<T>();
public void registerObserver(T observer) {
if (observer == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("The observer is null.");
}
synchronized(mObservers) {
if (mObservers.contains(observer)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Observer " + observer + " is already registered.");
}
mObservers.add(observer);
}
}
public void unregisterObserver(T observer) {
if (observer == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("The observer is null.");
}
synchronized(mObservers) {
int index = mObservers.indexOf(observer);
if (index == -1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Observer " + observer + " was not registered.");
}
mObservers.remove(index);
}
}
public void unregisterAll() {
synchronized(mObservers) {
mObservers.clear();
}
}
}
public class DataSetObservable extends Observable<DataSetObserver> {
/**
* 数据发生变化时,通知所有的观察者
*/
public void notifyChanged() {
synchronized(mObservers) {
for (DataSetObserver observer : mObservers) {
observer.onChanged();
}
}
}
//... ... (其他方法)
}
public abstract class DataSetObserver {
public void onChanged() {
// Do nothing
}
}
public class AlphabetIndexer extends DataSetObserver{
/*
* @hide 被android系统隐藏起来了
*/
@Override
public void onChanged() {
//观察到数据变化,观察者做自己该做的事情
super.onChanged();
mAlphaMap.clear();
}
}
根据以下文章总结:
-
Java设计模式:23种设计模式全面解析(超级详细)HYPERLINK http://c.biancheng.net/design_pattern/
-
设计模式 https://blog.csdn.net/shusheng0007/category_8638565.html
-
java设计模式 https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37909508/category_8976362.html
-
设计模式 https://www.cnblogs.com/zuoxiaolong/category/509144.html
-
设计模式 在源码中的应用 https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36970993/category_10620886.html
-
Android系统设计中存在设计模式分析 https://www.2cto.com/kf/201208/150650.html
-
Android设计模式系列 - 基于android的各种代码分析各种设计模式 https://www.cnblogs.com/qianxudetianxia/category/312863.html