Matrix-chain product 矩阵链乘积

1.Matrix-chain product. The following are some instances.

a)      <3, 5, 2, 1,10>

b)     <2, 7, 3, 6, 10>

c)      <10, 3, 15, 12, 7, 2>

d)     <7, 2, 4, 15, 20, 5>

矩阵链乘积是可用动态规划解决的最佳化问题。给定一序列矩阵,期望求出相乘这些矩阵的最有效方法。此问题并不是真的去执行其乘法,而只是决定执行乘

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Practice 1 Date: Monday, March 18th, 2013 We highly encourage being environment friendly and trying all problems on your own. Implement exercise 2.3-7. Implement priority queue. Implement Quicksort and answer the following questions. (1) How many comparisons will Quicksort do on a list of n elements that all have the same value? (2) What are the maximum and minimum number of comparisons will Quicksort do on a list of n elements, give an instance for maximum and minimum case respectively. Give a divide and conquer algorithm for the following problem: you are given two sorted lists of size m and n, and are allowed unit time access to the ith element of each list. Give an O(lg m + lgn) time algorithm for computing the kth largest element in the union of the two lists. (For simplicity, you can assume that the elements of the two lists are distinct). Practice 2 Date: Monday, April 1st, 2013 We highly encourage being environment friendly and trying all problems on your own. Matrix-chain product. The following are some instances. Longest Common Subsequence (LCS). The following are some instances. X: xzyzzyx Y: zxyyzxz X:MAEEEVAKLEKHLMLLRQEYVKLQKKLAETEKRCALLAAQANKESSSESFISRLLAIVAD Y:MAEEEVAKLEKHLMLLRQEYVKLQKKLAETEKRCTLLAAQANKENSNESFISRLLAIVAG Longest Common Substring. The following are some instances. X: xzyzzyx Y: zxyyzxz X:MAEEEVAKLEKHLMLLRQEYVKLQKKLAETEKRCALLAAQANKESSSESFISRLLAIVAD Y:MAEEEVAKLEKHLMLLRQEYVKLQKKLAETEKRCTLLAAQANKENSNESFISRLLAIVAG Max Sum. The following is an instance. (-2,11,-4,13,-5,-2) Shortest path in multistage graphs. Find the shortest path from 0 to 15 for the following graph.   A multistage graph is a graph (1) G=(V,E) with V partitioned into K >= 2 disjoint subsets such that if (a,b) is in E, then a is in Vi , and b is in Vi+1 for some subsets in the partition; and (2) | V1 | = | VK | = 1.     Practice 3 Date: Monday, April 15th, 2013 We highly encourage being environment friendly and trying all problems on your own. Knapsack Problem. There are 5 items that have a value and weight list below, the knapsack can contain at most 100 Lbs. Solve the problem both as fractional knapsack and 0/1 knapsack. A simple scheduling problem. We are given jobs j1, j2… jn, all with known running times t1, t2… tn, respectively. We have a single processor. What is the best way to schedule these jobs in order to minimize the average completion time. Assume that it is a nonpreemptive scheduling: once a job is started, it must run to completion. The following is an instance. (j1, j2, j3, j4) : (15,8,3,10) Single-source shortest paths. The following is the adjacency matrix, vertex A is the source.  A B C D E A -1 3 B 3 2 2 C D 1 5 E -3 All-pairs shortest paths. The adjacency matrix is as same as that of problem 3.(Use Floyd or Johnson’s algorithm)     Practice 4 Date: Monday, May 8th, 2013 We highly encourage being environment friendly and trying all problems on your own. 0/1 Knapsack Problem. There are 5 items that have a value and weight list below, the knapsack can contain at most 100 Lbs. Solve the problem using back-tracking algorithm and try to draw the tree generated. Solve the 8-Queen problem using back-tracking algorithm.    
矩阵链乘问题是一个经典的动态规划问题,其目标是找到一种最优的方式来计算给定的一组矩阵的连乘积。这个问题可以通过动态规划算法来解决。 动态规划算法的基本思想是将问题分解成更小的子问题,并使用已知的信息来计算更大的问题。在矩阵链乘问题中,我们可以将问题分解成计算两个矩阵乘积的子问题,并使用已知的信息来计算更大的问题。 具体来说,我们可以定义一个二维数组m,其中m[i][j]表示从第i个矩阵到第j个矩阵的最小计算代价。我们还可以定义一个二维数组s,其中s[i][j]表示从第i个矩阵到第j个矩阵的最优计算次序。 接下来,我们可以使用以下递归公式来计算m和s: m[i][j] = 0 (i = j) m[i][j] = min{m[i][k] + m[k+1][j] + ri*ck*cm} (i <= k < j) 其中,ri和ci分别表示第i个矩阵的行数和列数,cm表示两个矩阵相乘的计算代价。 使用上述递归公式,我们可以计算出所有的m[i][j]和s[i][j]。最终,我们可以通过s数组来构造出最优的计算次序,并使用m数组来计算最小的计算代价。 下面是一个Python实现的例子: ```python def matrix_chain_order(p): n = len(p) - 1 m = [[0] * n for i in range(n)] s = [[0] * n for i in range(n)] for l in range(2, n+1): for i in range(n-l+1): j = i + l - 1 m[i][j] = float('inf') for k in range(i, j): q = m[i][k] + m[k+1][j] + p[i]*p[k+1]*p[j+1] if q < m[i][j]: m[i][j] = q s[i][j] = k return m, s def print_optimal_parens(s, i, j): if i == j: print("A{}".format(i+1), end='') else: print("(", end='') print_optimal_parens(s, i, s[i][j]) print_optimal_parens(s, s[i][j]+1, j) print(")", end='') p = [30, 35, 15, 5, 10, 20, 25] m, s = matrix_chain_order(p) print_optimal_parens(s, 0, len(p)-2) print("\nMinimum cost:", m[0][len(p)-2]) ``` 输出结果为: ``` ((A1(A2A3))((A4A5)A6)) Minimum cost: 15125 ```

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