Android versions (Android 版本)

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分类专栏： Android NDK 文章标签： Android Versions Android 版本
于 2023-08-28 23:12:47 首次发布
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Android versions {Android 版本}

1. Android codenames, tags, and build numbers

Codenames, tags, and build numbers
https://source.android.com/docs/setup/reference/build-numbers

Android development releases are organized into families, with alphabetical codenames.

CodenameVersionAPI level/NDK release
Android1515API level 35
Android1414API level 34
Android1313API level 33
Android12L12API level 32
Android1212API level 31
Android1111API level 30
Android1010API level 29
Pie9API level 28
Oreo8.1.0API level 27
Oreo8.0.0API level 26
Nougat7.1API level 25
Nougat7.0API level 24
Marshmallow6.0API level 23
Lollipop5.1API level 22
Lollipop5.0API level 21
KitKat4.4 - 4.4.4API level 19
Jelly Bean4.3.xAPI level 18
Jelly Bean4.2.xAPI level 17
Jelly Bean4.1.xAPI level 16
Ice Cream Sandwich4.0.3 - 4.0.4API level 15, NDK 8
Ice Cream Sandwich4.0.1 - 4.0.2API level 14, NDK 7
Honeycomb3.2.xAPI level 13
Honeycomb3.1API level 12, NDK 6
Honeycomb3.0API level 11
Gingerbread2.3.3 - 2.3.7API level 10
Gingerbread2.3 - 2.3.2API level 9, NDK 5
Froyo2.2.xAPI level 8, NDK 4
Eclair2.1API level 7, NDK 3
Eclair2.0.1API level 6
Eclair2.0API level 5
Donut1.6API level 4, NDK 2
Cupcake1.5API level 3, NDK 1
(no codename)1.1API level 2
(no codename)1.0API level 1

2. Android SDK Platform release notes

SDK Platform release notes
https://developer.android.com/tools/releases/platforms

In the SDK Platforms tab, expand the Android API 35 section and select the Android SDK Platform 35 package.

在这里插入图片描述

  • The Android SDK Platform package. This is required to compile your app for that version.

  • Several System Image packages. At least one of these is required to run that version on the Android Emulator.

  • The Sources for Android package. This includes the source files for the platform. Android Studio may show lines of code from these files while you debug your app.

The revision numbers listed in the following sections are for the Android SDK Platform package only. The system images may receive separate updates, usually to resolve bugs with the emulator. There are no release notes for the system images, but you should always keep them up to date.

Android 15 (API level 35)
Android 14 (API level 34)
Android 13 (API level 33)
Android 12 (API levels 31, 32)
Android 11 (API level 30)
Android 10 (API level 29)
Android 9 (API level 28)
Android 8.1 (API level 27)
Android 8.0 (API level 26)
Android 7.1 (API level 25)
Android 7.0 (API level 24)
Android 6.0 (API level 23)
Android 5.1 (API level 22)
Android 5.0 (API level 21)
Android 4.4W (API level 20)
Android 4.4 (API level 19)
Android 4.3 (API level 18)
Android 4.2 (API level 17)
Android 4.1 (API level 16)
Android 4.0.3 (API level 15)
Android 4.0 (API level 14)
Android 3.2 (API level 13)
Android 3.1 (API level 12)
Android 3.0 (API level 11)
Android 2.3.3 (API level 10)
Android 2.3 (API level 9)

Android 4.4W is the first Android release for Android Wear.

2.1. Gradle files

Kotlin variableGroovy variableDefinition
minSdkminSdkVersionThe minimum SDK version your app will support, defined in build.gradle.
targetSdktargetSdkVersionThe SDK version that your app targets, defined in build.gradle. This should always be the same as compileSdk.
compileSdkcompileSdkVersionThe SDK version that your app compiles against, defined in build.gradle. Android Studio uses this SDK version to build your AABs and APKs. This should always be the same as targetSdk.

For example, if your minSdk is 26, this SDK version corresponse to API Level 26 and Android 8, so your app will only run on devices with Android 8 or higher.

2.2. Code files

VariableDefinition
Build.VERSION.SDK_INTThe SDK version of the Android OS currently running on the user’s device. For example, on a device running Android 11, this value will be 30 (aka Build.VERSION_CODES.R), even if the target and compile SDK of the app is different.

3. Android API Levels

Android API Levels
https://apilevels.com/

Android API Levels
https://github.com/ebelinski/apilevels

This is an overview of all Android versions and their corresponding identifiers for Android developers.

The codenames for Android 10 and above in the table are the internal codenames. Beginning with Android 10, Google dropped the usage of codenames publicly.

The years represent the year of first stable release of each version. The release dates are from android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES including later versions’ years from the Official Android blog (12, 12L, 13, 14)

VersionSDK / API levelVersion codeInternal Codename
Android 15Level 35VANILLA_ICE_CREAMVanilla Ice Cream
Android 14Level 34UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKEUpside Down Cake
Android 13Level 33TIRAMISUTiramisu
Android 12Level 32 Android 12LS_V2Snow Cone
Android 12Level 31 Android 12SSnow Cone
Android 11Level 30RRed Velvet Cake
Android 10Level 29QQuince Tart
Android 9Level 28PPie
Android 8Level 27 Android 8.1O_MR1Oreo
Android 8Level 26 Android 8.0OOreo
Android 7Level 25 Android 7.1N_MR1Nougat
Android 7Level 24 Android 7.0NNougat
Android 6Level 23MMarshmallow
Android 5Level 22 Android 5.1LOLLIPOP_MR1Lollipop
Android 5Level 21 Android 5.0LOLLIPOP, LLollipop
Android 4Level 20 Android 4.4WKITKAT_WATCHKitKat
Android 4Level 19 Android 4.4KITKATKitKat
Android 4Level 18 Android 4.3JELLY_BEAN_MR2Jelly Bean
Android 4Level 17 Android 4.2JELLY_BEAN_MR1Jelly Bean
Android 4Level 16 Android 4.1JELLY_BEANJelly Bean
Android 4Level 15 Android 4.0.3 - 4.0.4ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH_MR1Ice Cream Sandwich
Android 4Level 14 Android 4.0.1 - 4.0.2ICE_CREAM_SANDWICHIce Cream Sandwich
Android 3Level 13 Android 3.2HONEYCOMB_MR2Honeycomb
Android 3Level 12 Android 3.1HONEYCOMB_MR1Honeycomb
Android 3Level 11 Android 3.0HONEYCOMBHoneycomb
Android 2Level 10 Android 2.3.3 - 2.3.7GINGERBREAD_MR1Gingerbread
Android 2Level 9 Android 2.3.0 - 2.3.2GINGERBREADGingerbread
Android 2Level 8 Android 2.2FROYOFroyo
Android 2Level 7 Android 2.1ECLAIR_MR1Eclair
Android 2Level 6 Android 2.0.1ECLAIR_0_1Eclair
Android 2Level 5 Android 2.0ECLAIREclair
Android 1Level 4 Android 1.6DONUTDonut
Android 1Level 3 Android 1.5CUPCAKECupcake
Android 1Level 2 Android 1.1BASE_1_1Petit Four
Android 1Level 1 Android 1.0BASENone

4. Android Releases

Android Releases
https://developer.android.com/about/versions

Android 1.0 - G1

Android 1.5 - Cupcake

Android 1.6 - Donut

Android 2.0 - Eclair

Android 2.2 - Froyo

Android 2.3 - Gingerbread

Android 3.0 - Honeycomb

Android 4.0 - Ice Cream Sandwich

Android 4.1 - Jelly Bean

Android 4.4 - KitKat

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat

Android 5.0 - Lollipop

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/lollipop

Android 6.0 - Marshmallow

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow

Get your apps ready for Android 6.0 Marshmallow! Explore what’s new - runtime permissions, Doze and App Standby power-saving features, new assist technology, and more.
让您的应用为 Android 6.0 Marshmallow 做好充分准备！了解新功能：运行时权限、低电耗模式和应用待机模式省电功能、新的协助技术等。

Android 7.0 - Nougat

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat

Android 7.0 brings new features for performance, productivity, and security. Test your apps with new system behaviors to save power and memory. Take advantage of multi-window UI, direct reply notifications and more.
Android 7.0 提供新功能以提升性能、生产效率和安全性。通过新的系统行为测试您的应用，以节省电量和内存。充分利用多窗口 UI、直接回复通知等功能。

Android 8.0 - Oreo

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo
https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/android-8.0

Smarter, faster, and more powerful than ever. The world’s favorite cookie is your new favorite Android release.
更智能、更快速、功能更强大。您喜爱的新 Android 版本以全球人都爱的一款曲奇饼为代号。

Oreo：奥利奥饼干

Android 9 - Pie

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/pie
https://developer.android.com/about/versions/pie/android-9.0

Android 9 harnesses the power of artificial intelligence to give you more from your phone. Now it’s smarter, faster and adapts as you use it.
Android 9 利用人工智能技术，让手机可以为您提供更多帮助。现在，手机变得更智能、更快，并且还可以随着您的使用进行调整。

harness [ˈhɑːnɪs]：n. 马具，挽具，(用于人，起固定或保护作用的) 背带，保护带 vt. 控制，利用 (以产生能量等)，给 (马等) 上挽具，用挽具把 ... 套到 ... 上

Android 10 - Quince Tart

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10
https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/migration

Build app experiences with dark theme and gesture navigation. Support new protections for user privacy and security. Extend your apps with high-performance codecs, better biometrics, faster app starts, Vulkan 1.1, NNAPI 1.2, foldables, 5G, and more!
借助深色主题和手势导航打造应用体验。为确保用户隐私和安全支持新的保护措施。借助高性能编解码器、更出色的生物识别技术、更快的应用启动速度、Vulkan 1.1、NNAPI 1.2、可折叠设备和 5G 等更多功能扩展您的应用！

Android 11 - Red Velvet Cake

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11
https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/migration

People-centric and expressive, with a new controls space and more privacy features.
以用户为中心又富有表现力，且引入了新的控件空间及更多隐私功能。

Extend your apps with conversation notifications and bubbles, try one-time permissions, surface devices and media in the controls. Work faster with tools like compatibility toggles, ADB incremental installs, and more!
借助对话通知和对话泡扩展应用、试用单次授权、在控件中显示设备和媒体。兼容性切换开关、ADB 增量安装等诸多工具可助您提高工作效率！

bubble [ˈbʌbl]：n. 气泡，泡沫，泡，肥皂泡，(欲表达的) 一点感情 vi. 起泡，冒泡，洋溢着 (某种感情)，(移动时) 发出冒泡的声音，强烈感受

Android 12 - Snow Cone

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12
https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12/get

A new system UI with Material You that’s expressive, dynamic, and personal. Extend your apps with redesigned widgets, AppSearch, Game Mode, and new codecs. Support new protections like privacy dashboard and approximate location. Improve productivity with rich content insertion, easier blurs, improved native debugging, and much more.
使用 Material You 打造的全新系统界面，富有表现力、活力和个性。使用重新设计的微件、AppSearch、游戏模式和新的编解码器扩展您的应用。支持隐私信息中心和大致位置等新的保护功能。使用富媒体内容插入功能、更简便的模糊处理功能、经过改进的原生调试功能等提高工作效率。

blur [blɜː(r)]：v. (使) 变得模糊不清，(使) 视线模糊，(使) 看不清，(使) 难以区分 n. (移动的) 模糊形状，模糊的记忆

Android 13 - Tiramisu

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/13
https://developer.android.com/about/versions/13/get

Build for user privacy with photo picker and notification permission. Improve productivity with themed app icons, per-app languages, and clipboard preview. Build for modern standards like Bluetooth LE Audio and MIDI 2.0 over USB. Deliver a better experience on tablets and large screens.
利用照片选择器和通知权限保护用户隐私。利用带主题的应用图标、按应用设定的语言和剪贴板预览提高效率。专为基于 USB 的蓝牙 LE 音频和 MIDI 2.0 等现代标准而构建。在平板电脑和大屏设备上提供更出色的体验。

productivity [ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti]：n. 生产率，生产效率

Android 14 - Upside Down Cake

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/14
https://developer.android.com/about/versions/14/get

Android 15 - Vanilla Ice Cream

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/15
https://developer.android.com/about/versions/15/get

References

[1] Yongqiang Cheng, [https://yongqiang.blog.csdn.net/]
[2] Android Releases, https://developer.android.com/about/versions
[3] List of Android Past Versions and Latest Android OS Version with Names and Photos, https://newsnview.com/list-of-android-past-versions-and-latest-android-os-version-with-names-and-photos/
[4] Android version history, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history

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