go to + 名词 - go to the + 名词

1. go to + 名词 - go to the + 名词

一些名词前使用定冠词 the 或零冠词，意义不同。go to 后接名词使用零冠词时，表示该名词所包含的功能；而使用定冠词 the 则表示具体的地点。

go to + 名词：抽象化

使用零冠词时，go to 表示常规性出席，有抽象意义。

go to the + 名词：具体化

使用定冠词 the 时，go to 表示去某个特定的地方，定冠词 the 用来特指。

2. go to school - go to the school

go to school：去上学
是学生，指去上学这个动作，而不是特指去某个具体的学校。

go to the school：到学校去 (做某事)
不一定是学生，不一定是去上学，特指去某个具体的学校

I go to school usually on foot.
我上学通常是走路去。

She will have to go to school.
她将不得不去上学。

I will go to school tomorrow morning.
我明天一早就去上学。

He often goes to the school to see his teacher.
他经常回学校去看望老师。

3. go to hospital - go to the hospital

go to hospital：去住院治疗
一般意味着病得很严重，需要住院治疗或手术

go to the hospital：到医院去 (做某事)

see a doctor：去看病

go to a doctor：去看病

go to the doctor：去看某个特定的医生
不一定是看病

go to the doctor's：去某个特定医生的办公地点
不一定是看病

You must go to hospital today.
你今天一定要去看病。

He had to go to hospital for treatment.
他不得不去医院接受治疗。

I am going to the hospital to visit my brother.
我要去医院探望我的兄弟。

You need to see a doctor.
你需要去看医生。

I should go and see a doctor straight away.
我得马上去看医生。

I’m going to the doctor’s tomorrow.

4. go to church - go to the church

go to church：去教堂做礼拜

go to the church：到教堂去 (做某事)
不一定是做礼拜

They always go to church at Easter.
他们在复活节时总是去教堂。

Less people go to church than before.
上教堂的人比以前少些。

You just go to the church and confess your sins.
你干脆去教堂忏悔自己的罪过吧。

5. go to bed - go to the bed

go to bed：去上床睡觉

go to the bed：到床边去
不一定是去睡觉

I’m going to go to bed.
我要睡觉了。

Why do we have to go to bed so early?
为什么我们那么早就得上床睡觉？

6. go to sea - go to the sea

go to sea：出海
是海员

go to the sea：去海边
不一定是海员

We generally go to the sea for our holidays.
我们通常去海边度假。

7. go to college/university - go to the college/university

go to college/university：上大学
是学生

go to the college/university：到大学去 (做某事)
不一定是学生

She won a scholarship to go to university.
她获得了上大学的奖学金。

8. go to market - go to the market

go to market：去买菜

go to the market：到市场去 (做某事)
不一定去买菜

9. go to cinema - go to the cinema

go to cinema：去看电影

go to the cinema：到电影院去 (做某事)
不一定去看电影

10. go to prison - go to the prison

go to prison：入狱，进监狱

go to the prison：到监狱去 (做某事)

He must pay $ 100 or else go to prison.
他得付100美元否则要坐牢。

References

[1] Yongqiang Cheng, https://yongqiang.blog.csdn.net/
[2] 金山词霸, https://www.iciba.com/
[3] 百度翻译, https://fanyi.baidu.com/mtpe-individual/multimodal#/