英语中的基数词 (cardinal numbers) 和序数词 (ordinal numbers)

cardinal /ˈkɑːdɪnl/ n. 基数；红衣主教；枢机；枢机主教；纯数；红衣凤头鸟 adj. 最重要的；基本的
ordinal /ˈɔːdɪnl/ n. 序数词 adj. 序数的

1. 基数词 (cardinal numbers) 和序数词 (ordinal numbers)

基数词 + 序数词 = 数词

基数用来表示数量，序数用来表示顺序。

数字	基数词	顺序	序数词
1	one	第一	first / 1st
2	two	第二	second / 2nd
3	three	第三	third / 3rd
4	four	第四	fourth / 4th
5	five	第五	fifth / 5th
6	six	第六	sixth / 6th
7	seven	第七	seventh / 7th
8	eight	第八	eighth / 8th
9	nine	第九	ninth / 9th
10	ten	第十	tenth / 10th
11	eleven	第十一	eleventh / 11th
12	twelve	第十二	twelfth / 12th
13	thirteen	第十三	thirteenth / 13th
14	fourteen	第十四	fourteenth / 14th
15	fifteen	第十五	fifteenth / 15th
16	sixteen	第十六	sixteenth / 16th
17	seventeen	第十七	seventeenth / 17th
18	eighteen	第十八	eighteenth / 18th
19	nineteen	第十九	nineteenth / 19th
20	twenty	第二十	twentieth / 20th
21	twenty-one	第二十一	twenty-first / 21st
22	twenty-two	第二十二	twenty-second / 22nd
23	twenty-three	第二十三	twenty-third / 23rd
24	twenty-four	第二十四	twenty-fourth / 24th
25	twenty-five	第二十五	twenty-fifth / 25th
26	twenty-six	第二十六	twenty-sixth / 26th
27	twenty-seven	第二十七	twenty-seventh / 27th
28	twenty-eight	第二十八	twenty-eighth / 28th
29	twenty-nine	第二十九	twenty-ninth / 29th
30	thirty	第三十	thirtieth / 30th
31	thirty-one	第三十一	thirty-first / 31st
40	forty	第四十	fortieth / 40th
50	fifty	第五十	fiftieth / 50th
60	sixty	第六十	sixtieth / 60th
70	seventy	第七十	seventieth / 70th
80	eighty	第八十	eightieth / 80th
90	ninety	第九十	ninetieth / 90th
100	one hundred / a hundred	第一百	hundredth / 100th
500	five hundred	第五百	five hundredth
1,000	one thousand / a thousand	第一千	thousandth / 1000th
1,500	one thousand five hundred / fifteen hundred	第一千五	one thousand five hundredth
100,000	one hundred thousand	第十万	hundred thousandth / 1000000th
1,000,000	one million / a million	第一百万	millionth
1,000,000,000	one billion / a billion	第十亿	billionth
1,000,000,000,000	one trillion / a trillion	第一万亿	trillionth

2. 基数词 (cardinal numbers)

• 1 - 12 独立成词。
• 13 - 19 基数词以 teen 结尾。3 - 9 基数词添加后缀 teen，thirteen 和 fifteen 例外 (逢 5 逢 12，ve 变 f)。eight 本身有 t 字母，添加 een。
• 20 - 90 基数词以 ty 结尾。13 - 19 基数词后缀 teen 改为 ty，forty 例外。
• 21 - 99 两位数合成词，十位与个位之间添加 -。

0 - zero
35 - thirty-five
46 - forty-six
67 - sixty-seven
78 - seventy-eight
11,234 - eleven thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
83,000 - eighty-three thousand
155,721 - one hundred and fifty-five thousand, seven hundred and twenty-one
453,648 - four hundred and fifty-three thousand, six hundred and forty-eight
6,155,702 - six million, one hundred and fifty-five thousand, seven hundred and two
26,000,008 - twenty-six million and eight
7,236,400 - seven million, two hundred and thirty-six thousand, four hundred
326,414,718 - three hundred and twenty-six million, four hundred and four teen thousand, seven hundred and eightteen
1,703,000,000 - one billion, seven hundred and three million
4,302,000,000 - four billion, three hundred and two million
143,029,433,241,643 - one hundred and forty-three trillion, twenty-nine billion, four hundred and thirty-three million, two hundred and forty-one thousand, six hundred and forty-three

Hundreds and tens are usually separated by ‘and’ (in American English ‘and’ is not necessary).
hundreds and tens 通常用 and 分隔 (用美式英语 and 不是必需的)。

百位与十位/个位之间用 and 分隔。

110 - one hundred and ten
1,250 - one thousand, two hundred and fifty
2,001 - two thousand and one

Use 100 always with a or one. a can only stand at the beginning of a number.

100 - a hundred / one hundred
2,100 - two thousand, one hundred

Use 1,000 and 1,000,000 always with a or one.

1,000 - a thousand / one thousand
201,000 - two hundred and one thousand

Use commas as a separator.
1,000 以上的数目，从右向左每三位用 ,。

57,458,302

3. 序数词 (ordinal numbers)

• 八少 t，九去 e，ve 要用 f 替。
• 20th - 90th 基数词尾 ty 中的 y 改成 ie，加上后缀 th。
• 21 - 99 把个位的基数词变为序数词。
• 序数词缩写 = 数字 + 最后两字母

Just add th to the cardinal number:

four -> fourth
eleven -> eleventh

Exceptions:

one -> first
two - >second
three -> third
five -> fifth
eight -> eighth
nine -> ninth
twelve -> twelfth

In compound ordinal numbers, note that only the last figure is written as an ordinal number.
请注意只有最后一个数字被写为序数。

421st - four hundred and twenty-first
5,111th - five thousand, one hundred and eleventh
101st - hundred and first
26th - twenty-sixth
1st - first
2nd - second
3rd - third
4th - fourth

序数词作定语，前面加 the 或形容词性物主代词，前面加 a / an 表示“再一”，“又一”的意思。

表示顺序时可以采用如下形式：
名词 + 基数词
the + 序数词 + 名词

4. Singular and Plural

Numbers are usually written in singular.

two hundred euros
several thousand light years

The plural is only used with dozen, hundred, thousand, million, billion, if they are not modified by another number or expression (e.g. a few / several).

hundreds of euros
thousands of light years

problematic /ˌprɒbləˈmætɪk/ adj. 成问题的，造成困难的，疑难的
singular /ˈsɪŋɡjələ(r)/ adj. 单数的；单数形式的；奇特的；非凡的；异常的；奇怪的；突出的；显著的 n. 单数；单数形式
plural /ˈplʊərəl/ adj. 复数的；多元的；复数形式的；多样的 n. (名词或动词的) 复数，复数形式
euro /ˈjʊərəʊ/ n. 欧元 adj. 欧洲的；欧盟的
复数：euros /ˈjʊərəʊz/

表示具体数目，不用复数。表示不确定数目，用复数。

hundreds of (数百) / thousands of (数千) / millions of (数百万) + 名词复数，可以使用 many / several 修饰，但不能与具体数目连用。

“基数词 + 度量单位 + 形容词”表示计量。
The classroom is 9 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters high.

“基数词 + 名词”的合成形容词作定语，中间有连字符 -，其中的名词用单数。
a 3-year-old girl
a seven-day holiday

in + one’s + 数词复数 - 几十多岁
in his forties - 四十多岁

in + the + 数词复数 - 年代
in the nineties - 九十年代

5. Titles

In names for kings and queens, ordinal numbers are written in Roman numbers. In spoken English, the definite article is used before the ordinal number.
在国王和王后的名称中，序数用罗马数字写成。在英语口语中，在序数之前使用定冠词。

Charles II - Charles the Second
Edward VI - Edward the Sixth
Henry VIII - Henry the Eighth

References

[1] Yongqiang Cheng, https://yongqiang.blog.csdn.net/