定义一个线性方程组如下: { 2 x − y = 0 − x + 2 y = 3 \left\{ \begin{array}{rcl} 2x-y=0 & \\ -x+2y=3 & \end{array} \right. { 2x−y=0−x+2y=3
我们用矩阵形式表达可以得到: [ 2 − 1 − 1 2 ] [ x y ] = [ 0 3 ] \left[ {\begin{array}{cc} ~~2\quad-1\\ -1\quad~~~2 \end{array} } \right]\left[ {\begin{array}{cc} x\\ y \end{array} } \right]=\left[ {\begin{array}{cc} 0\\ 3 \end{array} } \right] [ 2−1−1 2][xy]=[03]
- 我们称 [ 2 − 1 − 1 2 ] \left[ {\begin{array}{cc} ~~2\quad-1\\ -1\quad~~~2 \end{array} } \right] [ 2−1−1 2] 为系数矩阵,通常用 A A A表示
- [ x y ] \left[ {\begin{array}{cc} x\\ y \end{array} } \right]