springcloud搭建实战＜四＞【熔断机制Hystrix+Feign】

工具：IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.4

JDK：1.8

补充：为什么要有断路器？

消费者（上游）访问访问生产者（下游），如果生产者出席故障、异常、宕机、等待超时时间等。有可能会造成线程等待，阻塞，不仅影响服务性能，还可能使整个服务挂掉。

熔断机制：上游先访问熔断器，再访问下游。比如设置连续几次访问失败或者当访问失败比例超过多少时，则熔断器直接返回失败。这样就节省了每次等待超时时间。也防止因为局部故障累积导致整个系统奔溃，也可以实现故障转移，服务降级。

 

 

PS：本文在consumer(基于Feign的调用)服务上修改，具体搭建详见前文。

1、修改application.yml

server:
  port: 8091
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-consumer
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://user:123456@localhost:8080/eureka/ #服务注册中信地址，含有BASIC认证的用户名和密码
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true #将IP注册到服务注册中心
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

2、编写fallback处理。如果判断下游服务为失败，则返回什么，这个相当于降级服务了。

第一种：实现类

修改ProviderClient.java,添加fallback=ProviderHystrixImpl参数 

@FeignClient(name = "cloud-provider", fallback = ProviderHystrixImpl.class)
public interface ProviderClient {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/customer/queryCustomerInfoByTel",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public JSONObject queryCustomerInfoByTel(@RequestParam("tel") String tel);

    @RequestMapping(value = "/house/queryHouseList",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public JSONObject queryHouseList(@RequestBody Map<String, Object> requestMap);
}

新建ProviderHystrixImpl实现类,记得加@Component

package com.cloud.consumer.service.impl;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.cloud.consumer.feign.ProviderClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Map;

@Component
public class ProviderHystrixImpl implements ProviderClient {
    @Override
    public JSONObject queryCustomerInfoByTel(String tel) {
        JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
        object.put("data","I'm Hystrix from queryCustomerInfoByTel");
        return object;
    }

    @Override
    public JSONObject queryHouseList(Map<String, Object> requestMap) {
        JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
        object.put("data","I'm Hystrix from queryHouseList");
        return object;
    }
}

第二种：fallbackFactory = HouseManegeFallbackFactory.class工厂，记得加@Component

package com.cloud.consumer.feign;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.cloud.consumer.factory.HouseManegeFallbackFactory;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import java.util.Map;

@FeignClient(name = "cloud-provider", fallbackFactory = HouseManegeFallbackFactory.class)
public interface ProviderClient {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/customer/queryCustomerInfoByTel",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public JSONObject queryCustomerInfoByTel(@RequestParam("tel") String tel);

    @RequestMapping(value = "/house/queryHouseList",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public JSONObject queryHouseList(@RequestBody Map<String, Object> requestMap);
}

package com.cloud.consumer.factory;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.cloud.consumer.feign.ProviderClient;
import feign.hystrix.FallbackFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Map;

@Component
public class HouseManegeFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<ProviderClient> {
    public ProviderClient create(Throwable cause) {
        return new ProviderClient() {
            @Override
            public JSONObject queryCustomerInfoByTel(String tel) {
                JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
                object.put("data","I'm Hystrix from queryCustomerInfoByTel");
                return object;
            }

            @Override
            public JSONObject queryHouseList(Map<String, Object> requestMap) {
                JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
                object.put("data","I'm Hystrix from queryHouseList");
                return object;
            }
        };
    }
}

4、启动注册中心、启动生产者服务、启动consumer

5、正常访问

6、关闭provider无法，再次访问。

如下两张图，

第一次，等待时间长

第二次立刻返回。

7、重新启动provider,再次调用接口发现还是走熔断器

8、补充：hystrix断路器配置application.yml

feign底层是ribbon的封装，直接配置hystrix超时时间不生效。

必须配置ribbon，ribbon默认超时也是1秒。ribbon的超时时间要大于hystrix的超时时间，否则 hystrix自定义的超时时间毫无意义。

server:
  port: 8091
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-consumer
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://user:123456@localhost:8080/eureka/ #服务注册中信地址，含有BASIC认证的用户名和密码
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true #将IP注册到服务注册中心
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true
#hystrix超时时间配置 （如果不配置的话默认是1000毫秒超时）
hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 5000
ribbon:
  ReadTimeout: 10000
  ConnectTimeout: 9000