IoT安全软件：Tenable二次开发_TenableIoT安全报告与仪表板

TenableIoT安全报告与仪表板

在上一节中，我们介绍了如何使用Tenable的API进行基本的数据获取和处理。本节将深入探讨如何利用TenableIoT平台生成安全报告和仪表板，以帮助企业和组织更好地监控和管理IoT设备的安全状况。

生成安全报告

TenableIoT平台提供了丰富的报表生成功能，可以帮助用户自动生成详细的IoT设备安全报告。这些报告可以包括设备漏洞、配置问题、网络流量分析等多个方面。通过API，我们可以定制化这些报告，以便更好地满足具体的安全需求。

报告类型

TenableIoT支持多种类型的报告，包括：

• 漏洞报告：详细列出设备中存在的漏洞及其严重性。

• 合规报告：检查设备是否符合特定的安全标准和法规。

• 资产报告：提供设备的详细清单，包括设备类型、IP地址、操作系统等信息。

• 网络流量报告：分析设备的网络流量，发现潜在的异常行为。

使用API生成报告

TenableIoT的API允许用户通过编程方式生成报告。以下是一个示例，展示如何使用Python脚本生成漏洞报告：

import requests

import json



# 配置API参数

api_url = "https://your-tenableiot-instance.com/api/reports"

api_key = "your-api-key"

headers = {

    "X-ApiKeys": f"accessKey={api_key};secretKey=your-secret-key",

    "Content-Type": "application/json"

}



# 定义报告参数

report_params = {

    "type": "vulnerability",

    "filters": {

        "device_type": "IoT",

        "severity": "high"

    },

    "format": "pdf",

    "filename": "IoT_Vulnerability_Report"

}



# 发送请求生成报告

response = requests.post(api_url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(report_params))



# 检查请求结果

if response.status_code == 200:

    report_data = response.content

    with open("IoT_Vulnerability_Report.pdf", "wb") as file:

        file.write(report_data)

    print("报告生成成功并已保存到IoT_Vulnerability_Report.pdf")

else:

    print(f"报告生成失败，错误代码：{response.status_code}")

    print(f"错误信息：{response.text}")

报告参数详解

• type：报告类型，例如"vulnerability"、“compliance”、"asset"等。

• filters：报告过滤条件，可以包括设备类型、漏洞严重性等。

• format：报告格式，支持"pdf"、“csv”、"html"等。

• filename：生成的报告文件名。

示例报告

以下是一个生成的漏洞报告的示例内容：

{

    "report": {

        "name": "IoT_Vulnerability_Report",

        "type": "vulnerability",

        "filters": {

            "device_type": "IoT",

            "severity": "high"

        },

        "format": "pdf",

        "filename": "IoT_Vulnerability_Report.pdf",

        "data": [

            {

                "device_name": "Smart Thermostat",

                "ip_address": "192.168.1.10",

                "os": "Linux 4.19.76",

                "vulnerabilities": [

                    {

                        "name": "CVE-2020-1234",

                        "severity": "high",

                        "description": "A critical vulnerability in the Linux kernel that allows remote code execution.",

                        "solution": "Update the kernel to the latest version."

                    },

                    {

                        "name": "CVE-2021-5678",

                        "severity": "high",

                        "description": "A buffer overflow vulnerability in the device's web server.",

                        "solution": "Apply the latest security patches."

                    }

                ]

            },

            {

                "device_name": "IP Camera",

                "ip_address": "192.168.1.20",

                "os": "RTOS",

                "vulnerabilities": [

                    {

                        "name": "CVE-2022-9101",

                        "severity": "high",

                        "description": "A remote command injection vulnerability in the device's management interface.",

                        "solution": "Disable the management interface or apply the latest firmware update."

                    }

                ]

            }

        ]

    }

}

创建自定义仪表板

TenableIoT平台的仪表板功能可以帮助用户实时监控IoT设备的安全状况。通过自定义仪表板，用户可以根据自己的需求选择显示特定的数据和指标。

仪表板组件

TenableIoT仪表板支持多种组件，包括：

• 图表：显示各类安全指标的可视化图表，如柱状图、饼图、折线图等。

• 表格：显示详细的设备和漏洞信息。

• 地图：显示设备的地理位置分布及安全状况。

• 警报：显示实时的安全警报信息。

使用API创建自定义仪表板

以下是一个示例，展示如何使用Python脚本创建一个自定义仪表板，显示IoT设备的漏洞数量和分布情况：

import requests

import json



# 配置API参数

api_url = "https://your-tenableiot-instance.com/api/dashboards"

api_key = "your-api-key"

headers = {

    "X-ApiKeys": f"accessKey={api_key};secretKey=your-secret-key",

    "Content-Type": "application/json"

}



# 定义仪表板参数

dashboard_params = {

    "name": "IoT Security Dashboard",

    "components": [

        {

            "type": "chart",

            "title": "Vulnerability Count by Severity",

            "data_source": {

                "type": "vulnerability",

                "filters": {

                    "device_type": "IoT"

                },

                "aggregation": {

                    "field": "severity",

                    "type": "count"

                }

            },

            "chart_type": "bar"

        },

        {

            "type": "table",

            "title": "Top 10 Vulnerable Devices",

            "data_source": {

                "type": "vulnerability",

                "filters": {

                    "device_type": "IoT"

                },

                "sort": {

                    "field": "vulnerability_count",

                    "order": "desc"

                },

                "limit": 10

            },

            "columns": [

                "device_name",

                "ip_address",

                "os",

                "vulnerability_count"

            ]

        },

        {

            "type": "map",

            "title": "Device Geolocation",

            "data_source": {

                "type": "asset",

                "filters": {

                    "device_type": "IoT"

                }

            }

        },

        {

            "type": "alert",

            "title": "Real-time Security Alerts",

            "data_source": {

                "type": "alert",

                "filters": {

                    "device_type": "IoT",

                    "severity": "high"

                }

            }

        }

    ]

}



# 发送请求创建仪表板

response = requests.post(api_url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(dashboard_params))



# 检查请求结果

if response.status_code == 200:

    dashboard_data = response.json()

    print(f"仪表板创建成功，ID: {dashboard_data['id']}")

else:

    print(f"仪表板创建失败，错误代码：{response.status_code}")

    print(f"错误信息：{response.text}")

仪表板参数详解

• name：仪表板的名称。

• components：仪表板组件列表，每个组件包含以下参数：

  • type：组件类型，例如"chart"、“table”、“map”、"alert"等。

  • title：组件的标题。

  • data_source：组件的数据源，可以包括报告类型和过滤条件。

  • aggregation：聚合方式，例如按严重性统计漏洞数量。

  • chart_type：图表类型，支持"bar"、“pie”、"line"等。

  • sort：排序方式，可以按特定字段进行排序。

  • limit：显示的数据条数限制。

  • columns：表格组件显示的列。

示例仪表板

以下是一个创建的自定义仪表板的示例内容：

{

    "dashboard": {

        "name": "IoT Security Dashboard",

        "components": [

            {

                "type": "chart",

                "title": "Vulnerability Count by Severity",

                "data": [

                    {

                        "severity": "high",

                        "count": 50

                    },

                    {

                        "severity": "medium",

                        "count": 20

                    },

                    {

                        "severity": "low",

                        "count": 10

                    }

                ],

                "chart_type": "bar"

            },

            {

                "type": "table",

                "title": "Top 10 Vulnerable Devices",

                "data": [

                    {

                        "device_name": "Smart Thermostat",

                        "ip_address": "192.168.1.10",

                        "os": "Linux 4.19.76",

                        "vulnerability_count": 25

                    },

                    {

                        "device_name": "IP Camera",

                        "ip_address": "192.168.1.20",

                        "os": "RTOS",

                        "vulnerability_count": 20

                    },

                    {

                        "device_name": "Smart Light Bulb",

                        "ip_address": "192.168.1.30",

                        "os": "FreeRTOS",

                        "vulnerability_count": 15

                    },

                    {

                        "device_name": "Smart Lock",

                        "ip_address": "192.168.1.40",

                        "os": "Zephyr RTOS",

                        "vulnerability_count": 10

                    },

                    {

                        "device_name": "Smart Plug",

                        "ip_address": "192.168.1.50",

                        "os": "Linux 4.9.150",

                        "vulnerability_count": 5

                    }

                ],

                "columns": [

                    "device_name",

                    "ip_address",

                    "os",

                    "vulnerability_count"

                ]

            },

            {

                "type": "map",

                "title": "Device Geolocation",

                "data": [

                    {

                        "device_name": "Smart Thermostat",

                        "ip_address": "192.168.1.10",

                        "location": {

                            "latitude": 37.7749,

                            "longitude": -122.4194

                        }

                    },

                    {

                        "device_name": "IP Camera",

                        "ip_address": "192.168.1.20",

                        "location": {

                            "latitude": 40.7128,

                            "longitude": -74.0060

                        }

                    }

                ]

            },

            {

                "type": "alert",

                "title": "Real-time Security Alerts",

                "data": [

                    {

                        "device_name": "Smart Thermostat",

                        "ip_address": "192.168.1.10",

                        "alert_type": "vulnerability",

                        "severity": "high",

                        "timestamp": "2023-10-01T12:00:00Z",

                        "description": "A critical vulnerability in the Linux kernel that allows remote code execution."

                    },

                    {

                        "device_name": "IP Camera",

                        "ip_address": "192.168.1.20",

                        "alert_type": "network",

                        "severity": "high",

                        "timestamp": "2023-10-01T13:00:00Z",

                        "description": "Unusual network traffic detected from this device."

                    }

                ]

            }

        ]

    }

}

报告与仪表板的高级用法

定时生成报告

通过定时任务，可以定期生成安全报告并发送给指定的接收者。以下是一个示例脚本，展示如何使用Python的schedule库定期生成并发送漏洞报告：

import requests

import json

import schedule

import time

import smtplib

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

from email.mime.base import MIMEBase

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from email.utils import COMMASPACE, formatdate

from email import encoders



# 配置API参数

api_url = "https://your-tenableiot-instance.com/api/reports"

api_key = "your-api-key"

headers = {

    "X-ApiKeys": f"accessKey={api_key};secretKey=your-secret-key",

    "Content-Type": "application/json"

}



# 定义报告参数

report_params = {

    "type": "vulnerability",

    "filters": {

        "device_type": "IoT",

        "severity": "high"

    },

    "format": "pdf",

    "filename": "IoT_Vulnerability_Report"

}



# 发送报告生成请求

def generate_report():

    response = requests.post(api_url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(report_params))

    if response.status_code == 200:

        report_data = response.content

        with open("IoT_Vulnerability_Report.pdf", "wb") as file:

            file.write(report_data)

        print("报告生成成功并已保存到IoT_Vulnerability_Report.pdf")

        send_email("IoT_Vulnerability_Report.pdf")

    else:

        print(f"报告生成失败，错误代码：{response.status_code}")

        print(f"错误信息：{response.text}")



# 发送邮件

def send_email(file_path):

    sender = "sender@example.com"

    receivers = ["receiver1@example.com", "receiver2@example.com"]

    subject = "IoT Vulnerability Report"

    body = "Please find the attached IoT vulnerability report."



    msg = MIMEMultipart()

    msg['From'] = sender

    msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(receivers)

    msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True)

    msg['Subject'] = subject



    msg.attach(MIMEText(body))



    with open(file_path, "rb") as file:

        part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')

        part.set_payload(file.read())

        encoders.encode_base64(part)

        part.add_header('Content-Disposition', f'attachment; filename="{file_path}"')

        msg.attach(part)



    smtp_server = "smtp.example.com"

    smtp_port = 587

    smtp_user = "user"

    smtp_password = "password"



    smtp = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)

    smtp.starttls()

    smtp.login(smtp_user, smtp_password)

    smtp.sendmail(sender, receivers, msg.as_string())

    smtp.quit()

    print("报告已发送邮件")



# 定时任务

schedule.every().day.at("10:00").do(generate_report)



while True:

    schedule.run_pending()

    time.sleep(60)

动态更新仪表板

通过定时任务，可以定期更新仪表板的数据。以下是一个示例脚本，展示如何使用Python的schedule库定期更新仪表板：

import requests

import json

import schedule

import time



# 配置API参数

api_url = "https://your-tenableiot-instance.com/api/dashboards"

api_key = "your-api-key"

headers = {

    "X-ApiKeys": f"accessKey={api_key};secretKey=your-secret-key",

    "Content-Type": "application/json"

}



# 定义仪表板参数

dashboard_params = {

    "name": "IoT Security Dashboard",

    "components": [

        {

            "type": "chart",

            "title": "Vulnerability Count by Severity",

            "data_source": {

                "type": "vulnerability",

                "filters": {

                    "device_type": "IoT"

                },

                "aggregation": {

                    "field": "severity",

                    "type": "count"

                }

            },

            "chart_type": "bar"

        },

        {

            "type": "table",

            "title": "Top 10 Vulnerable Devices",

            "data_source": {

                "type": "vulnerability",

                "filters": {

                    "device_type": "IoT"

                },

                "sort": {

                    "field": "vulnerability_count",

                    "order": "desc"

                },

                "limit": 10

            },

            "columns": [

                "device_name",

                "ip_address",

                "os",

                "vulnerability_count"

            ]

        },

        {

            "type": "map",

            "title": "Device Geolocation",

            "data_source": {

                "type": "asset",

                "filters": {

                    "device_type": "IoT"

                }

            }

        },

        {

            "type": "alert",

            "title": "Real-time Security Alerts",

            "data_source": {

                "type": "alert",

                "filters": {

                    "device_type": "IoT",

                    "severity": "high"

                }

            }

        }

    ]

}



# 更新仪表板

def update_dashboard():

    response = requests.post(api_url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(dashboard_params))

    if response.status_code == 200:

        dashboard_data = response.json()

        print(f"仪表板更新成功，ID: {dashboard_data['id']}")

    else:

        print(f"仪表板更新失败，错误代码：{response.status_code}")

        print(f"错误信息：{response.text}")



# 定时任务

schedule.every().hour.do(update_dashboard)



while True:

    schedule.run_pending()

    time.sleep(60)

报告与仪表板的集成

通过TenableIoT的API，可以将生成的报告数据集成到自定义仪表板中。这种集成可以确保仪表板中的数据是最新的，并且能够实时反映IoT设备的安全状况。以下是一个示例脚本，展示如何将漏洞报告的数据集成到仪表板的表格组件中：

import requests

import json



# 配置API参数

api_url = "https://your-tenableiot-instance.com/api/reports"

api_key = "your-api-key"

headers = {

    "X-ApiKeys": f"accessKey={api_key};secretKey=your-secret-key",

    "Content-Type": "application/json"

}



# 定义报告参数

report_params = {

    "type": "vulnerability",

    "filters": {

        "device_type": "IoT",

        "severity": "high"

    },

    "format": "json",

    "filename": "IoT_Vulnerability_Report"

}



# 发送请求生成报告

def generate_report():

    response = requests.post(api_url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(report_params))

    if response.status_code == 200:

        report_data = response.json()

        print("报告生成成功并已保存到IoT_Vulnerability_Report.json")

        return report_data

    else:

        print(f"报告生成失败，错误代码：{response.status_code}")

        print(f"错误信息：{response.text}")

        return None



# 配置仪表板API参数

dashboard_api_url = "https://your-tenableiot-instance.com/api/dashboards"

dashboard_id = "your-dashboard-id"



# 更新仪表板的表格组件

def update_dashboard_table(report_data):

    if report_data is None:

        return



    # 定义仪表板组件参数

    table_component_params = {

        "id": "your-table-component-id",

        "data": [

            {

                "device_name": device["device_name"],

                "ip_address": device["ip_address"],

                "os": device["os"],

                "vulnerability_count": len(device["vulnerabilities"])

            }

            for device in report_data["data"]

        ]

    }



    # 发送请求更新仪表板组件

    response = requests.put(f"{dashboard_api_url}/{dashboard_id}/components", headers=headers, data=json.dumps(table_component_params))

    if response.status_code == 200:

        print("仪表板表格组件更新成功")

    else:

        print(f"仪表板表格组件更新失败，错误代码：{response.status_code}")

        print(f"错误信息：{response.text}")



# 主函数

def main():

    report_data = generate_report()

    if report_data:

        update_dashboard_table(report_data)



# 运行主函数

main()

仪表板的实时监控

除了定期更新仪表板，TenableIoT平台还支持实时监控功能。通过API，可以实现对特定设备或漏洞的实时监控，并在发生安全事件时立即更新仪表板。以下是一个示例脚本，展示如何实时监控IoT设备的漏洞并更新仪表板：

import requests

import json

import time



# 配置API参数

api_url = "https://your-tenableiot-instance.com/api/vulnerabilities"

api_key = "your-api-key"

headers = {

    "X-ApiKeys": f"accessKey={api_key};secretKey=your-secret-key",

    "Content-Type": "application/json"

}



# 配置仪表板API参数

dashboard_api_url = "https://your-tenableiot-instance.com/api/dashboards"

dashboard_id = "your-dashboard-id"

table_component_id = "your-table-component-id"



# 定义监控参数

monitor_params = {

    "device_type": "IoT",

    "severity": "high"

}



# 获取实时漏洞数据

def get_real_time_vulnerabilities():

    response = requests.get(api_url, headers=headers, params=monitor_params)

    if response.status_code == 200:

        return response.json()

    else:

        print(f"获取实时漏洞数据失败，错误代码：{response.status_code}")

        print(f"错误信息：{response.text}")

        return None



# 更新仪表板的表格组件

def update_dashboard_table(vulnerabilities):

    if vulnerabilities is None:

        return



    # 定义仪表板组件参数

    table_component_params = {

        "id": table_component_id,

        "data": [

            {

                "device_name": vuln["device_name"],

                "ip_address": vuln["ip_address"],

                "os": vuln["os"],

                "vulnerability_count": len(vuln["vulnerabilities"])

            }

            for vuln in vulnerabilities["data"]

        ]

    }



    # 发送请求更新仪表板组件

    response = requests.put(f"{dashboard_api_url}/{dashboard_id}/components", headers=headers, data=json.dumps(table_component_params))

    if response.status_code == 200:

        print("仪表板表格组件更新成功")

    else:

        print(f"仪表板表格组件更新失败，错误代码：{response.status_code}")

        print(f"错误信息：{response.text}")



# 实时监控

def real_time_monitoring():

    while True:

        vulnerabilities = get_real_time_vulnerabilities()

        if vulnerabilities:

            update_dashboard_table(vulnerabilities)

        time.sleep(60)  # 每60秒检查一次



# 运行实时监控

real_time_monitoring()

仪表板的共享与协作

TenableIoT平台支持仪表板的共享与协作功能，可以将仪表板分享给团队成员或其他利益相关者。以下是一个示例脚本，展示如何使用API将仪表板分享给特定用户：

import requests

import json



# 配置API参数

api_url = "https://your-tenableiot-instance.com/api/dashboards"

api_key = "your-api-key"

headers = {

    "X-ApiKeys": f"accessKey={api_key};secretKey=your-secret-key",

    "Content-Type": "application/json"

}



# 配置仪表板ID和共享用户

dashboard_id = "your-dashboard-id"

share_users = ["user1@example.com", "user2@example.com"]



# 共享仪表板

def share_dashboard():

    # 定义共享参数

    share_params = {

        "users": share_users,

        "permissions": "view"

    }



    # 发送请求共享仪表板

    response = requests.post(f"{api_url}/{dashboard_id}/share", headers=headers, data=json.dumps(share_params))

    if response.status_code == 200:

        print("仪表板已成功共享")

    else:

        print(f"仪表板共享失败，错误代码：{response.status_code}")

        print(f"错误信息：{response.text}")



# 运行共享函数

share_dashboard()

总结

通过TenableIoT平台的API，企业和组织可以灵活地生成和管理安全报告与仪表板。这不仅有助于提高安全监控的效率，还能确保数据的准确性和实时性。定时生成报告、动态更新仪表板以及实时监控功能，使得安全管理更加智能化和自动化。此外，共享与协作功能进一步增强了团队之间的沟通和协作，共同应对安全威胁。

希望本节的内容能够帮助您更好地利用TenableIoT平台，提升IoT设备的安全管理水平。如果在使用过程中遇到任何问题，建议参考官方文档或联系技术支持获取帮助。