21_宏定义与使用分析
1、C语言中的宏定义与易错点
宏定义易错点:
#define _SUM_(a, b) (a) + (b)
#define _MIN_(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define _DIM_(a) sizeof(a)/sizeof(*a) //计算数组大小
int main()
{
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int c[4] = {0};
int s1 = _SUM_(a, b);
int s2 = _SUM_(a, b) * _SUM_(a, b); //相当于(a)+(b)*(a)+(b)
int m = _MIN_(a++, b); //相当于((a++)<(b)?(a++):(b)),a++有两次了
int d = _DIM_(c)
return 0;
}
2、宏表达式与函数对比
3、宏定义是否有作用域限制
合法,宏定义无作用域限制!
4、强大的内置宏
程序示例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#define MALLOC(type, x) (type*)malloc(sizeof(type)*x)
#define FREE(p) (free(p), p=NULL)
#define LOG(s) printf("[%s] {%s:%d} %s \n", __DATE__, __FILE__, __LINE__, s)
#define FOREACH(i, m) for(i=0; i<m; i++)
#define BEGIN {
#define END }
int main()
{
int x = 0;
int* p = MALLOC(int, 5);
LOG("Begin to run main code...");
FOREACH(x, 5)
BEGIN
p[x] = x;
END
FOREACH(x, 5)
BEGIN
printf("%d\n", p[x]);
END
FREE(p);
LOG("End");
return 0;
}