算法分析与设计week14--70. Climbing Stairs

70. Climbing Stairs

Description

You are climbing a stair case. It takes n steps to reach to the top.

Each time you can either climb 1 or 2 steps. In how many distinct ways can you climb to the top?

Note: Given n will be a positive integer.

Example

Example 1:
Input: 2
Output: 2
Explanation: There are two ways to climb to the top.
1. 1 step + 1 step
2. 2 steps

Example 2:
Input: 3
Output: 3
Explanation: There are three ways to climb to the top.
1. 1 step + 1 step + 1 step
2. 1 step + 2 steps
3. 2 steps + 1 step

Analysis

解法1：
这个爬梯子问题实际上跟斐波那契数列非常相似，假设梯子有n层，那么如何爬到第n层呢，因为每次只能爬1或2步，那么爬到第n层的方法要么是从第n-1层一步上来的，要不就是从n-2层2步上来的，所以递推公式非常容易的就得出了：dp[n] = dp[n-1] + dp[n-2]。 使用动态规划：

class Solution {
public:
    int climbStairs(int n) {
        vector<int> dp(n + 1);
        dp[0] = 1;
        dp[1] = 1;
        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
            dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];
        }
        return dp[n];
    }
};

解法2：
对空间进行进一步优化，只用两个整型变量a和b来存储过程值，首先将a+b的值赋给b，然后a赋值为原来的b，所以应该赋值为b-a即可。这样就模拟了上面累加的过程，而不用存储所有的值

class Solution {
public:
    int climbStairs(int n) {
        int a = 1, b = 1;
        while (n--) {
            b += a;
            a = b - a;
        }
        return a;
    }
};