uclinux很久前笔记3

【u-boot分析】

#make ITSN_s3c44b0_config

执行Makefile中的下面语句：

ITSN_s3c44b0_config   :      unconfig

       @./mkconfig$(@:_config=) arm s3c44b0 s3c44b0 itsn

替换：           ./mkconfig      ITSN_s3c44b0       arm         s3c44b0          s3c44b0          itsn

对应参数       $0                  $1                         $2           $3                  $4                  $5

./mkconfig表示当前目录下的mkconfig脚本文件，内容如下：

#!/bin/sh -e
# Script to create header files and linksto configure
# U-Boot for a specific board.
#
# Parameters:  Target Architecture  CPU  Board
#
# (C) 2002 DENX Software Engineering,Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de>
#
 
APPEND=no  #Default: Create new config file
 
while [ $# -gt 0 ] ; do  #参数个数大于0
       case"$1" in           #分析参数ITSN_s3c44b0，看该参数有无--、-a、*
       --)shift ; break ;;
       -a)shift ; APPEND=yes ;;
       *)  break ;;
       esac
done
 
[ $# -lt 4 ] && exit 1     #参数个数小于4则退出
[ $# -gt 5 ] && exit 1    #注意：[$# -lt 4 ] || exit 1则表示前面的条件成立”||”后面的就不执行
#可以这里理解[]为if()，&&为then，||为else。
 
echo "Configuring for $1board..."
#上面语句替换为：echo "Configuring for ITSN_s3c44b0 board..."
 
cd ./include
 
#
# Create link to architecture specificheaders
#
rm -f asm                                   #删除asm文件
ln -s asm-$2 asm                  # ln -s asm-arm asm
rm -f asm-$2/arch                # rm -f asm-arm/arch
ln -s arch-$3 asm-$2/arch      # ln -sarch-s3c44b0 asm-arm/arch
 
if [ "$2" = "arm" ] ;then
       rm-f asm-$2/proc
       ln-s proc-armv asm-$2/proc
fi
 
#
# Create include file for Make
#
echo "ARCH  = $2" >  config.mk     #创建config.mk文件，并且ARCH = arm加入到文件中
echo "CPU   = $3" >> config.mk
echo "BOARD = $4" >>config.mk
[ "$5" ] && echo"VENDOR = $5" >> config.mk
 
# config.mk(注意：是cd到了include目录中)中最终的内容为：
#   ARCH  =arm
#   CPU  = s3c44b0
#   BOARD = s3c44b0
#   VENDOR = itsn
 
#
# Create board specific header file
#
if [ "$APPEND" = "yes"]    # Append to existing config file
then
       echo>> config.h
else
       >config.h             # Create new config file
fi
echo "/* Automatically generated - donot edit */" >>config.h
echo "#include <configs/$1.h>">>config.h
#最后config.h的内容为：
# /* Automatically generated - do not edit*/
# #include <configs/ITSN_s3c44b0.h>
exit 0

【注意：include/configs/ITSN_s3c44b0.h文件中就配置相关参数】

在#make ITSN_s3c44b0_config后，在include目录下生成了config.mk和config.h两个文件。

在Makefile文件中会被包含进去：includeinclude/config.mk

config.mk文件在的参数将被引用：

如：

OBJS  = cpu/$(CPU)/start.oà OBJS  = cpu/s3c44b0/start.o

LIBS  = lib_generic/libgeneric.a

LIBS+=board/$(BOARDDIR)/lib$(BOARD).aàLIBS+=board/itsn/s3c44b0/libs3c44b0.a

LIBS +=cpu/$(CPU)/lib$(CPU).aà LIBS += cpu/s3c44b0/libs3c44b0.a

LIBS +=lib_$(ARCH)/lib$(ARCH).aà LIBS += lib_arm /libarm.a

……

接下来就执行：

#make

执行make时就会找到当前目录下的Makefile文件执行：all:       xxx

ALL = u-boot.srec u-boot.bin System.map
all:          $(ALL)
u-boot.srec:    u-boot
              $(OBJCOPY)${OBJCFLAGS} -O srec $< $@
u-boot.bin:     u-boot
              $(OBJCOPY)${OBJCFLAGS} -O binary $< $@
u-boot.img:    u-boot.bin
              ./tools/mkimage-A $(ARCH) -T firmware -C none \
              -a$(TEXT_BASE) -e 0 \
              -n$(shell sed -n -e 's/.*U_BOOT_VERSION//p' include/version.h | \
                     sed-e 's/"[      ]*$$/ for $(BOARD)board"/') \
              -d$< $@
u-boot.dis:      u-boot
              $(OBJDUMP)-d $< > $@
 
u-boot:           depend$(SUBDIRS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS) $(LDSCRIPT)
              UNDEF_SYM=`$(OBJDUMP)-x $(LIBS) |sed  -n -e's/.*\(__u_boot_cmd_.*\)/-u\1/p'|sort|uniq`;\
              $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $$UNDEF_SYM$(OBJS) \
                     --start-group $(LIBS)$(PLATFORM_LIBS) --end-group \
                     -Map u-boot.map -o u-boot

分析一下上面代码：

1、$(LD)à在该目录下的config.mk中定义的变量为LD       = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld

在该目录下的Makefile中又定义了$(CROSS_COMPILE)变量

ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)

#itsn modify

#CROSS_COMPILE =arm-linux-

CROSS_COMPILE = arm-elf-

Endif

……

export     CROSS_COMPILE

所以$(LD)=arm-elf-ld命令，arm-elf-ld命令的参数由$(LDFLAGS)变量提供。

2、$(LDFLAGS)à在该目录下的config.mk中定义的变量为LDFLAGS += -Bstatic \

-T $(LDSCRIPT) -Ttext$(TEXT_BASE) $(PLATFORM_LDFLAGS)

在该config.mk中变量LDSCRIPT :=$(TOPDIR)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/u-boot.lds

其中$( TOPDIR)被定义在该目录下的Makefile中：

TOPDIR  :=$(shell if [ "$$PWD" != "" ]; then echo $$PWD; else pwd;fi)
#TOPDIR := $(shell pwd)
export     TOPDIR

其中$( BOARDDIR)被定义在该目录下的config.mk中：

ifdef       VENDOR
BOARDDIR = $(VENDOR)/$(BOARD)
else
BOARDDIR = $(BOARD)  #  $(BOARD)变量又在我们mkconfig生成的config.mk文件中
endif

注意：VENDOR被定义了的，所以BOARDDIR=itsn/s3c44b0

最后LDSCRIPT :=$(TOPDIR)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/u-boot.lds

替换为：LDSCRIPT := /u-boot/board/itsn/s3c44b0/u-boot.lds

$(TEXT_BASE)变量则在$(TOPDIR)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/config.mk中定义的。

TEXT_BASE = 0x0C700000

变量$(PLATFORM_LDFLAGS)在$(TOPDIR)/config.mk中定义为：PLATFORM_LDFLAGS =

最后LDFLAGS += -Bstatic -T $(LDSCRIPT) -Ttext$(TEXT_BASE) \

$(PLATFORM_LDFLAGS)

替换为：LDFLAGS += -Bstatic –T /u-boot/board/itsn/s3c44b0/u-boot.lds–Ttext 0x0C700000

 

$(LD) $(LDFLAGS)变换为： arm-elf-ld -Bstatic –T /u-boot/board/itsn/s3c44b0/u-boot.lds –Ttext 0x0C700000

 

在$(TOPDIR)/Makefile中定义了$(OBJS)和$(LIBS)：

OBJS  = cpu/$(CPU)/start.oà OBJS  = cpu/s3c44b0/start.o

LIBS  = lib_generic/libgeneric.a

LIBS+=board/$(BOARDDIR)/lib$(BOARD).aàLIBS+=board/itsn/s3c44b0/libs3c44b0.a

LIBS +=cpu/$(CPU)/lib$(CPU).aà LIBS += cpu/s3c44b0/libs3c44b0.a

LIBS +=lib_$(ARCH)/lib$(ARCH).aà LIBS += lib_arm /libarm.a

……

 

变量$( PLATFORM_LIBS)定义在$(TOPDIR)/config.mk中

PLATFORM_LIBS +=--no-warn-mismatch -L $(shell dirname `$(CC) $(CFLAGS)-print-libgcc-file-name`) -lgcc

u-boot.lds内容为：

/*
 * (C) Copyright 2000-2004
 * Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering,wd@denx.de.
 *
 */
 
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-littlearm","elf32-littlearm", "elf32-littlearm")
OUTPUT_ARCH(arm)
ENTRY(_start)       //入口标识
SECTIONS
{
       . = 0;    /*这里将表示链接地址为0+ Ttext =0x0C700000*/
 
       . = ALIGN(4);
       .text      :
       {
         cpu/s3c44b0/start.o    (.text)  //代码开始处为cpu/s3c44b0/start.s
         *(.text)
       }
 
       . = ALIGN(4);
       .rodata : { *(.rodata) }
 
       . = ALIGN(4);
       .data : { *(.data) }
 
       . = ALIGN(4);
       .got : { *(.got) }
 
  __u_boot_cmd_start = .;
  .u_boot_cmd : { *(.u_boot_cmd) }    //u-boot自己定义的一个段
  __u_boot_cmd_end = .;
 
       armboot_end_data = .;
 
       . = ALIGN(4);
       __bss_start = .;
       .bss : { *(.bss) }
       _end = .;
}