原文 https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans
作者用简练的语句概括几个设计模式的场景和用法,比看长篇大论心情舒畅多了,简要翻译一下加深记忆 #介绍 设计模式是对某种特定问题的解决之道 #注意 设计模式不是银弹
#设计模式的类型
- 创造型
- 结构型
- 行为型
#行为性设计模式 结构性设计模式专注于对象之间的职责分配,信息传达
- 责任链模式
- 命令模式
- 迭代器模式
- 适配器模式
- 备忘录模式
- 观察者模式
- 访问者模式
- 策略模式
- 状态模式
- 模版方法模式
##责任链模式
建立一个对象链,请求从对象链上一一流过,每个对象只处理属于自己的逻辑
###代码实例
有三个账户,找到可以支付的账户
abstract class Account
{
protected $successor;
protected $balance;
public function setNext(Account $account)
{
$this->successor = $account;
}
public function pay(float $amountToPay)
{
if ($this->canPay($amountToPay)) {
echo sprintf('Paid %s using %s' . PHP_EOL, $amountToPay, get_called_class());
} elseif ($this->successor) {
echo sprintf('Cannot pay using %s. Proceeding ..' . PHP_EOL, get_called_class());
$this->successor->pay($amountToPay);
} else {
throw new Exception('None of the accounts have enough balance');
}
}
public function canPay($amount): bool
{
return $this->balance >= $amount;
}
}
class Bank extends Account
{
protected $balance;
public function __construct(float $balance)
{
$this->balance = $balance;
}
}
class Paypal extends Account
{
protected $balance;
public function __construct(float $balance)
{
$this->balance = $balance;
}
}
class Bitcoin extends Account
{
protected $balance;
public function __construct(float $balance)
{
$this->balance = $balance;
}
}
// Let's prepare a chain like below
// $bank->$paypal->$bitcoin
//
// First priority bank
// If bank can't pay then paypal
// If paypal can't pay then bit coin
$bank = new Bank(100); // Bank with balance 100
$paypal = new Paypal(200); // Paypal with balance 200
$bitcoin = new Bitcoin(300); // Bitcoin with balance 300
$bank->setNext($paypal);
$paypal->setNext($bitcoin);
// Let's try to pay using the first priority i.e. bank
$bank->pay(259);
// Output will be
// ==============
// Cannot pay using bank. Proceeding ..
// Cannot pay using paypal. Proceeding ..:
// Paid 259 using Bitcoin!
##命令模式
在client和receiver之间使用command传递信息,实现解耦
###代码实例
有一个receiver知道所有动作的实现
// Receiver
class Bulb
{
public function turnOn()
{
echo "Bulb has been lit";
}
public function turnOff()
{
echo "Darkness!";
}
}
使用command 很像代理模式==
interface Command
{
public function execute();
public function undo();
public function redo();
}
// Command
class TurnOn implements Command
{
protected $bulb;
public function __construct(Bulb $bulb)
{
$this->bulb = $bulb;
}
public function execute()
{
$this->bulb->turnOn();
}
public function undo()
{
$this->bulb->turnOff();
}
public function redo()
{
$this->execute();
}
}
class TurnOff implements Command
{
protected $bulb;
public function __construct(Bulb $bulb)
{
$this->bulb = $bulb;
}
public function execute()
{
$this->bulb->turnOff();
}
public function undo()
{
$this->bulb->turnOn();
}
public function redo()
{
$this->execute();
}
}
client
// Invoker
class RemoteControl
{
public function submit(Command $command)
{
$command->execute();
}
}
$bulb = new Bulb();
$turnOn = new TurnOn($bulb);
$turnOff = new TurnOff($bulb);
$remote = new RemoteControl();
$remote->submit($turnOn); // Bulb has been lit!
$remote->submit($turnOff); // Darkness!
命令模式可以用来实现事务系统,使用undo回滚