forword_list学习之创建，初始化assign,赋值操作operator=, 元素访问front,交换内容swap,检查容器是否为空empty

forword_list是C++11新增的一个顺序容器，它是支持从容器的任何位置快速插入和移动元素的容器。不支持快速随机访问。它实现为单链表，且实质上与其在C中实现相比无任何开销。与std::list相比，此容器在不需要 双向迭代时提供更有效地利用空间的存储。下面我们来学习它的 基本用法，首先来看它的创建，初始化，赋值，元素访问front，内容接换swap，判空empty等操作

代码实现：

#include <forward_list>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void createForword_listInit()
{
    //1.创建空forword_list
    forward_list<int> list1;
    cout << "list1.isEmpty = " << list1.empty() << endl;

    //2.创建list2有2个元素，值为随机值
    forward_list<int> list2(2);
    cout << "list2.isEmpty = " << list2.empty() << endl;
    cout << "list2的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: list2)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;

    //3.创建list3有3个元素，分别为21， 22， 23
    forward_list<int> list3 = {21, 22, 23};
    cout << "list3.isEmpty = " << list3.empty() << endl;
    cout << "list3的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: list3)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;

    //4.创建list4,用list3赋值
    forward_list<int> list4 = list3;
    //forward_list<int> list4(list3);//这两种方法都可以
    cout << "list4.isEmpty = " << list4.empty() << endl;
    cout << "list4的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: list4)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;

    //5.创建list5用assign进行赋值
    forward_list<int> list5;
    list5.assign({24, 25, 26, 27});
    cout << "list5的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: list5)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;
    //6.创建list6用list4进行初始化
    forward_list<int> list6(list4.begin(), list4.end());
    cout << "list6的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: list6)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;
    //7.创建list7用assign设定容器大小和初始值
    forward_list<int> list7;
    list7.assign(5, 18);//list7有5个元素，每个元素为18
    cout << "list7的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: list7)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;
    //8.访问forward_list
    forward_list<int> list8;
    list8.assign({28, 28});
    cout << "list8.front = " << list7.front() << endl;
    cout << "list8的值为：" << endl;
    for(auto &val: list8)
    {
        cout << val << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;
    //9.swap交换两个forward_list
    auto it1 = list6.begin();
    auto it2 = list8.begin();
    int &ref1 = list6.front();
    int &ref2 = list8.front();
    cout << "*it1 = " << *it1 << " *it2 = " << *it2 << " ref1 = " << ref1 << " ref2 = " << ref2 << endl;
    cout << "swap after======" << endl;
    list6.swap(list8);
    cout << "list6的值为：" << endl;
    for(int c: list6)
    {
        cout << c << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "list8的值为：" << endl;
    for(int c: list8)
    {
        cout << c << "\t";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "*it1 = " << *it1 << " *it2 = " << *it2 << " ref1 = " << ref1 << " ref2 = " << ref2 << endl;

    cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
    createForword_listInit();
    cout << endl;
    
    cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

注意，交换后迭代器与引用保持与原来的元素关联，例如it1指向的元素还是21，ref1引用的元素还21。

参考：

https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/forward_list