initializer_list是初始化列表类,与vector,list,map等相比,直接使用它比较少,但他确在很多类或模板初始化时使用到,由于它是初始化列表,因此也就意味着,对initializer_list不能增,删,改,相当于就是const数据链表,因此它本身提供的函数比较少,只有size(), begin(), end(), 非成员函数std::begin(std::initializer_list),std::end(std::initializer_list),
在c++11之前,如果我们要对vector进行初始化5个元素,我们需要这样 vector<int> vec; vec.push_back(1); vec.push_back(2); vec.push_back(3); vec.push_back(4); vec.push_back(5); C++11以后,我这可以直接使用下面这段代码 vector<int> vec = {1,2,3,4,5}; 为什么可以这样呢,原来vector的构造函数参考里,有一个initializer_list<T>的参数,下面是VS2017 vector头文件里的源码
其实不只是vector, list, map, set, forward_list等构造函数都支持列表实始化
下面是list构造函数函数initializer_list参数
下面是map构造函数函数initializer_list参数
下面看它的使用示例:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <forward_list>
#include <initializer_list>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<int> vec = {1,2,3,4,5};
cout << "vector ================== ";
for(auto v: vec)
{
cout << v << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
list<int> lis = {1,2,3,4,5};
cout << "list ==================== ";
for(auto l: lis)
{
cout << l << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
map<int, string> ma = {{1, "first"}, {2, "second"}, {3, "three"}};
cout << "map ===================== ";
for(auto m: ma)
{
cout << m.first << "==>" << m.second << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
initializer_list<int> init_list = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
cout << "initializer_list ======== ";
for(auto init_: init_list)
{
cout << init_ << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
//size返回initializer_list元素的总个数
cout << "init_list.size=========== " << init_list.size() << endl;
//begin指向initializer_list第一个元素
cout << "init_list.first========== " << *init_list.begin() << endl;
//end指向initializer_list最后一个元素的下一个位置
initializer_list<int>::iterator end1 = init_list.end();
end1--;
cout << "init_list.last=========== " << *end1 << endl;
//std::begin指向initializer_list第一个元素
cout << "std::begin(init_list)==== " << *std::begin(init_list) << endl;
//std::end指向initializer_list最后一个元素的下一个位置
initializer_list<int>::iterator stdEnd = std::end(init_list);
--stdEnd;
cout << "std::end(init_list)====== " << *stdEnd << endl;
//*stdEnd = 50; //返回的是常量迭代器,不能修改它的值
cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
return 0;
}
运行结果:
initializer_list在函数和类中的使用:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <initializer_list>
using namespace std;
template<class T>
struct InitList{
std::vector<T> vec;
InitList()//默认构造函数
{
cout << "default constructor==============" << endl;
vec.clear();
}
InitList(T param1, T param2)//带参构造函数
{
cout << "parametric constructor ==============" << endl;
vec.push_back(param1);
vec.push_back(param2);
}
InitList(initializer_list<T> li)//初始化列表构造函数
:vec(li)
{
cout << "constructed with a " << li.size() << " -element list \n";
}
void append(initializer_list<T> li) //参数为列表的函数
{
vec.insert(vec.end(), li.begin(), li.end());
}
std::pair<const T*, std::size_t> c_arr() const {
return {&vec[0], vec.size()};//在return 语句中复制列表初始化,这不使用std::initializer_list
}
};
template <typename T>
void templated_fn(T) { cout << "call templated_fn ======== " << endl; }
int main()
{
InitList<int> init1;
InitList<int> init2(20, 31);
InitList<int> init3 = {23,34,56,76,98};
init3.append({82, 15, 39});
cout << "the vector size is now " << init3.c_arr().second << " ints:\n";
for(auto n: init3.vec)
cout << n << " ";
cout << endl;
cout << "Range-for over brace-init-list:\n";
for(int x: {-10, -15, -18}) //auto 的规则令此带范围for工作
cout << x << " ";
cout << endl;
auto alint = {13, 15, 18};//auto的特殊规则
cout << "the list bound to auto has size() = " << alint.size() << endl;
//templated_fn({11,22,33}); //编译错误 {11,22,33} 不是表达式,它无类型,故T无法推导
templated_fn<initializer_list<int>>({11,22,33}); //OK
templated_fn<vector<int>>({11,22,33}); //也OK
cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
return 0;
}
运行结果:
参考: