标准库标头 ＜string_view＞ (C++17)学习

此头文件是字符串库的一部分。本篇介绍string_view的基本用法。

函数
operator==	以字典序比较两个字符串视图 (函数模板)
operator<< (C++17)	进行字符串视图的流输出 (函数模板)
swap	交换两个对象的值 (函数模板)
范围访问
begincbegin (C++11)(C++14)	返回指向容器或数组起始的迭代器 (函数模板)
endcend (C++11)(C++14)	返回指向容器或数组结尾的迭代器 (函数模板)
rbegincrbegin (C++14)	返回指向一个容器或数组的逆向迭代器 (函数模板)
rendcrend (C++14)	返回容器或数组的逆向尾迭代器 (函数模板)
sizessize (C++17)(C++20)	返回容器或数组的大小 (函数模板)
empty (C++17)	检查容器是否为空 (函数模板)
data (C++17)	获得指向底层数组的指针 (函数模板)

示例代码：

#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string_view>
#include <cstring>

//https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/string_view


#pragma warning(disable:4996)
//C4996	'strcpy': This function or variable may be unsafe. Consider using strcpy_s instead. To disable deprecation, use _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See online help for details.


//C++17标准
int main()
{
    //operator<<  example   (C++17)进行字符串视图的流输出
    constexpr std::string_view s{ "abc" };
    constexpr int width{ 5 };

    // fill/left/right 属性保留不变直至被修改
    std::cout << std::setfill('-');
    std::cout << std::left;

    std::cout << '[' << std::setw(width) << s << "]\n";
    std::cout << '[' << std::setw(width) << s << "]\n";

    std::cout << std::right;
    std::cout << '[' << std::setw(width) << s << "]\n";

    // 每次调用后重置宽度
    std::cout << '[' << s << "]\n";

    //swap example
    std::string_view s1{ "first" };
    std::string_view s2{ "were" };
    std::cout << "s1===========" << s1 << "\n";
    std::cout << "s2===========" << s2 << "\n";
    s2.swap(s1);
    std::cout << "s1===========" << s1 << "\n";
    std::cout << "s2===========" << s2 << "\n";


    //operator== example
    std::cout << "(s1==s2)=============" << (s1 == s2) << "\n";
    
    const char* source = "123456789";
    char dest[20];
    strcpy_s(dest, 10, source);//numberOfElements等于字符串大小
    std::cout << dest << "*\n";

    //data example
    std::string_view s3{"hello world"};
    char a3[32] = {'\0'};
    const char* src = s3.data();
    std::cout << "src==========" << src << "\n";
    std::strcpy(a3, s3.data());
    std::cout << "s3===========" << s3 << "\n";
    std::cout << "a3===========" << a3 << "\n";

    //empty example
    std::cout << "s3.empty=====" << s3.empty() << "\n";
    //size example
    std::cout << "s3.size======" << s3.size() << "\n";
    //begin example
    //std::string_view::iterator it = s3.begin();
    auto begin = s3.begin();
    std::cout << "begin========" << *begin << "\n";
    //cbegin example
    auto cbegin = s3.cbegin();
    std::cout << "cbegin=======" << *cbegin << "\n";

    //end example
    auto end = s3.end();
    end--;
    std::cout << "end==========" << *end << "\n";

    //cend example
    auto cend = s3.cend();
    cend--;
    std::cout << "cend=========" << *cend << "\n";
    //begin,cbegin,end,cend是一样的都不能修改值

    //rbegin example
    auto rbegin = s3.rbegin();
    std::cout << "rbegin========" << *rbegin << "\n";
    //crbegin example
    auto crbegin = s3.crbegin();
    std::cout << "crbegin=======" << *crbegin << "\n";

    //rend example
    auto rend = s3.rend();
    rend--;
    std::cout << "rend==========" << *rend << "\n";

    //crend example
    auto crend = s3.crend();
    crend--;
    std::cout << "crend=========" << *crend << "\n";

}

运行结果：

 参考：

标准库标头 <string_view> (C++17) - cppreference.com