读书笔记--resiz capacity和reserve

capacity:获取在容器需要分配更多的存储空间之前能够存储的元素总和
reserve:告诉容器(vector)应该预留多少个元素存储空间
resize:改变容器所包含的元素个数,如果当前的容器长度小于新的长度值.则该容器后部的元素会被删除;如果当前容器长度小于新的长度值,则系统回在该容器后部添加新元素.resize可能会使容器迭代器失效,如果压缩了容器,则指向已删除的元素的迭代器失效

list<int> ilist(10,42);                   //10ints:each has value 42
ilist.resize(15);                         //adds 5 elements of value 0 to back of ilist
ilist.resize(25,-1);                      //adds 10 elements of value -1 to back of ilist
vector<int>::iterator it=ilist.end();
ilist.resize(5);                //erases 20 elements from the back of lisit and the it abate

 
#include<vector>
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
 vector<int> ivec;
 cout<< "ivec's size:"<< ivec.size()<<endl;         //ivec's size:0
    cout<< "ivec's capacity:"<< ivec.capacity()<<endl; //ivec's capacity:0
    system("pause");
   
 ivec.resize(10);
 cout<< "ivec's size:"<< ivec.size()<<endl;         //ivec's size:10
    cout<< "ivec's capacity:"<< ivec.capacity()<<endl; //ivec's capacity:10
    for(vector<int>::iterator iter=ivec.begin(); iter!=ivec.end(); ++iter)
    {
  cout<< *iter<< " ";                            //ten zore
 }
 cout<<endl;
 system("pause");
 
 int val;
 for(vector<int>::size_type ix=1; ix!=24; ++ix)
 {
  ivec.push_back(ix);
 }
 cout<< "ivec's size:"<< ivec.size()<<endl;          //ivec's size:33
    cout<< "ivec's capacity:"<< ivec.capacity()<<endl;  //ivec's capacity:40
    for(vector<int>::iterator iter=ivec.begin(); iter!=ivec.end(); ++iter)
    {
  cout<< *iter<< " ";                             //10个零紧接1到23
 }
 cout<<endl;
    system("pause");
   
    ivec.reserve(50);
    cout<< "ivec's size:"<< ivec.size()<<endl;         //ivec's size:33
    cout<< "ivec's capacity:"<< ivec.capacity()<<endl; //ivec's capacity:50
    for(vector<int>::iterator iter=ivec.begin(); iter!=ivec.end(); ++iter)
    {
  cout<< *iter<< " ";                             //10个零紧接1到23
 }
 cout<<endl;
    system("pause");
   
    return 0;
}

capacity与size的区别:
size是指容器当前拥有的元素个数,而capacity则指容器在分配新存储空间之前可以存储的元素总数

clear只是清除容器内的数据,而不能更改容器所占内存的大小,可以用capacity设置容器的容量