Linux安装Mysql5.7详细步骤

1、MySQL下载地址：MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server

2、解压并重命名

解压：tar -zxvf xxx 移动和重命名： mv mysqlxx  /opt/usr/local/mysql

3、创建一个mysql组和用户 

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

4、更改mysql 目录下所有文件夹所属的用户组、用户以及文件权限

#切换到/usr/local/目录下
[root@mysql local]# cd /usr/local/
#更改文件的用户组和用户
[root@mysql local]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
#给mysql目录下的所有文件加执行权限
[root@mysql local]# chmod -R 775 mysql

创建数据目录并赋予权限

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

5、添加my.cnf配置文件(参考)

#首先切换到/etc/目录下：cd /etc/
#在这里创建一个mysql的配置文件my.cnf ：touch my.cnf
#编辑my.cnf，配置文件参考如下：（后授权chmod -R 775 /etc/my.cnf ）

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
skip-grant-tables

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

#character config

character_set_server=utf8mb4

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/mysqld.err
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid

6、初始化mysql

#进入mysql目录 ：

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/

#初始化：

./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize

#查看密码：

cat /data/mysql/mysql.err (先保存后面修改)

7、启动mysql，并更改root密码

先将mysql.server放置到/etc/init.d/mysql中：

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

启动：service mysql start

查看：ps -ef|grep mysql

 修改密码 ./mysql -u root -p   #bin目录下

（如果不希望每次都到bin目录下使用mysql命令则执行以下命令 ：ln -s  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql    /usr/bin ）

再执行下面三步操作，然后重新登录：

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                                 

8、开放远程（本地）登陆

#登录进来之后，切换到mysql库
use mysql;
#修改用户权限
update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
#刷新权限
flush privileges;

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11、卸载Mariadb : yum remove mariadb
   1、删除配置文件 rm -f /etc/my.cnf
   2、删除数据目录 rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/
   3、查看删除所有安装rpm包的列表 rpm -qa|grep mariadb