Date类的实现

类与对象以及重载函数的运用：
ps:有几个需要注意的小点就直接注释在代码中了。

Date.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Date
{
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& _cout, const Date& date);
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& _cin, Date& date);
public:
	Date(int year, int month, int day); //构造
	Date(const Date& d); //拷贝构造 d2(d1)
	~Date();

	Date& operator=(const Date& d);
	Date& operator+=(int day); //日期 +=天数
	Date  operator+(int day);  //日期 +天数
	Date& operator-=(int day); //日期 -=天数
	Date  operator-(int day);  //日期 -天数，不改变日期本身
	Date& operator++();        //++date
	Date  operator++(int);     //date++
	Date& operator--();        //--date
	Date  operator--(int);     //date--
	bool operator == (const Date& d); // == 运算符重载
	bool operator != (const Date& d); // != 运算符重载
	bool operator >  (const Date& d); // > 运算符重载
	bool operator >= (const Date& d); // >= 运算符重载
	bool operator <  (const Date& d); // < 运算符重载
	bool operator <= (const Date& d); // <= 运算符重载

	int GetMonthDay(int year, int month);// 获取某年某月的天数
	int operator-(const Date& d);//两个日期相差多少天
	void Print()const; //打印
private:
	int _year;
	int _month;
	int _day;
};

Date.cpp

#include"Date.h"


bool LeapYear(int year)
{
	return ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0);
}

Date::Date(int year=1990, int month=1, int day=1) //构造
{
	if (year > 0 && (month > 0 && month < 13) &&(day > 0 && day <= GetMonthDay(year, month)))
	{
		_year = year;
		_month = month;
		_day = day;
	}
	else 
	{
		cout << "the date is error!\n";
	}
}

Date::Date(const Date& d)//拷贝构造 d2(d1) 
{                        //必须传引用，防止递归调用拷贝构造函数
	_year = d._year;
	_month = d._month;
	_day = d._day;
}
Date::~Date()
{

}

Date& Date::operator=(const Date& d) //赋值运算符重载,有深拷贝的时候(字符串)，必须显式定义
{
	if (this != &d)   //避免自赋值
	{
		_year = d._year;
		_month = d._month;        //传引用是为了减少调用拷贝构造函数
		_day = d._day;
	}
	return *this;  //返回引用,而不是void,是为了可以实现连续赋值操作
}

Date& Date::operator+=(int day) //日期+=天数
{
	if (day < 0)
	{
		return *this -= (-day);
	}
	_day += day;
	while (_day > GetMonthDay(_year, _month))
	{
		_day -= GetMonthDay(_year, _month);
		_month++;
		if (_month > 12)
		{
			_year++;
			_month -= 12;
		}
	}
	return *this;
}

Date Date::operator+(int day)  //日期+天数
{
	Date temp(*this);
	temp += day;
	return temp;
}

Date& Date::operator-=(int day) //日期-=天数
{
	if (day < 0)
	{
		return *this += (-day);
	}
	_day -= day;
	while (_day < 1)
	{
		_day += GetMonthDay(_year, _month);
		_month--;
		if (_month < 1)
		{
			_year--;
			_month += 12;
		}
	}
	return *this;
}

Date  Date::operator-(int day)  //日期-天数，不改变日期本身
{
	Date temp(*this);
	temp -= day;
	return temp;
}

Date& Date::operator++()        //++date
{
	*this += 1;
	return *this;
}

Date  Date::operator++(int)     //date++
{
	Date temp(*this);
	*this += 1;
	return temp;   //函数结束，栈帧销毁，不能返回引用
}

Date& Date::operator--()       //--date
{
	*this -= 1;
	return *this;
}

Date Date::operator--(int)    //date--
{
	Date temp(*this);
	*this -= 1;
	return temp;
}

bool Date::operator == (const Date& d) // ==运算符重载
{
	return (_year == d._year) && (_month == d._month) && (_day == d._day);
}

bool Date::operator != (const Date& d) // !=运算符重载
{
	return (_year != d._year) || (_month != d._month) || (_day != d._day);
}

bool Date::operator >  (const Date& d) // >运算符重载
{
	if (_year > d._year)
	{
		return true;
	}
	else if (_year == d._year)
	{
		if (_month > d._month)
		{
			return true;
		}
		else if (_month == d._month)
		{
			if (_day > d._day)
			{

				return true;
			}
		}
	}
	return false;
}

bool Date::operator >= (const Date& d) // >=运算符重载
{
	return *this > d || *this == d;
}

bool Date::operator <  (const Date& d) // <运算符重载
{
	return !(*this >= d);
}

bool Date::operator <= (const Date& d) // <=运算符重载
{
	return !(*this > d);
}

int Date::GetMonthDay(int year, int month)// 获取某年某月的天数
{
	static int days[13] = { 0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 };
	int day = days[month];
	if (month == 2 && LeapYear(year))
	{
		day += 1;
	}
	return day;
}
int Date::operator-(const Date& d)//两个日期相差多少天
{
	Date maxDate(*this);
	Date minDate(d);
	if (maxDate < minDate) {
		maxDate = d;
		minDate = *this;
	}
	int days = 0;
	while (minDate + days < maxDate) 
	{
		days++;
	}
	return days;
}

void Date::Print()const //打印
{
	cout << _year << "-" << _month << "-" << _day << endl;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& _cout, const Date& date)
{
	_cout << date._year << "-" << date._month << "-" << date._day;
	return _cout;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& _cin, Date& date)
{
	_cin >> date._year >> date._month >> date._day;
	return _cin;
}

main.cpp

#include"Date.h"
#include<Windows.h>

void Test()
{
	Date d(2020, 5, 15);

	cout<<"d : " << d << endl<<endl;

	cout <<"d+77 : "<< d + 77 << endl;
	cout <<"d : "<< d << endl << endl;


	cout <<"(d+=77) : "<< (d+=77) << endl;
	cout << "d : " << d << endl << endl;

	cout << "d-77 : " << d - 77 << endl;
	cout << "d : " << d << endl << endl;


	cout << "(d-=77) : " << (d -= 77) << endl;
	cout << "d : " << d << endl << endl;

	cout << "d++ : " << d++ << endl;
	cout << "d : " << d << endl << endl;

	cout << "++d : " << ++d << endl;
	cout << "d : " << d << endl << endl;

	cout << "d-- : " << d-- << endl;
	cout << "d : " << d << endl << endl;

	cout << "--d : " << --d << endl;
	cout << "d : " << d << endl << endl;

	Date d2(2020, 5, 15);
	Date d3(2020, 8, 1);
	cout << "d2-d3 : " << (d2 - d3) << endl;
}

int main()
{
	Test();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

敲的越多手越稳！