Android Handler学习总结

一、概述

handler是更新UI的一套机制，消息处理机制，常用方法有post、postDelayed、sendMessage、sendMessageDelayed等，使用handler的根本目的是为了解决多线程并发问题，因为多线程更新UI都没有加锁机制，会导致更新界面错乱。

二、实际案例

1.handler的基本使用
MainActivity.java

package com.czhappy.handlerdemo.activity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.czhappy.handlerdemo.R;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView textView;
    private ImageView imageView;

    private Handler handler1 = new Handler();
    private Handler handler2 = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            textView.setText(""+msg.arg1+","+msg.arg2);
            textView.setText(""+msg.obj.toString());
        }
    };

    //添加callback根据返回值，是否拦截消息执行
    private Handler handler3 = new Handler(new Handler.Callback() {
        @Override
        public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "1", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            //返回true拦截消息
            return true;
        }
    }){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "2", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            super.handleMessage(msg);
        }
    };

    private int images[] = {R.drawable.image1, R.drawable.image2, R.drawable.image3};

    private int index;

    private MyRunnable myRunnable = new MyRunnable();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
        imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);
        //postDelayed方法
        //handler1.postDelayed(myRunnable, 1000);

        //sendMessage方法
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                    Message message = handler2.obtainMessage();
                    message.arg1 = 88;
                    message.arg2 = 100;
                    Person pp = new Person("zhangsan", 23);
                    message.obj = pp;
                    //发送消息，两种方法均可
                    //handler2.sendMessage(message);
                    message.sendToTarget();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }.start();
    }

    class MyRunnable implements Runnable{

        @Override
        public void run() {
            index++;
            index = index%3;
            imageView.setImageResource(images[index]);
            handler1.postDelayed(myRunnable, 1000);
        }
    }

    class Person{
        private String name;
        private int age;

        public Person(String name, int age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Person{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    '}';
        }
    }

    public void stopImageChange(View view){
        handler1.removeCallbacks(myRunnable);

    }
}

2.在子线程中使用handler
SecondActivity.java

package com.czhappy.handlerdemo.activity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.TextView;

/**
 * Description:
 * User: chenzheng
 * Date: 2017/1/7 0007
 * Time: 11:50
 */
public class SecondActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private Handler handler = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            //此处不要执行耗时操作
            Log.e("tag", "UI---------->"+Thread.currentThread());//主线程
        }
    };
    private MyThread thread;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        TextView tv = new TextView(this);
        tv.setText("hello");
        setContentView(tv);

        thread = new MyThread();
        thread.start();
        try {
            thread.sleep(500);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        thread.handler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
        handler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
    }

    class MyThread extends Thread{
        private Handler handler;
        @Override
        public void run() {
            Looper.prepare();
            handler = new Handler(){
                @Override
                public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                    Log.e("tag", ""+Thread.currentThread());//主线程下面的子线程
                }
            };
            Looper.loop();
        }
    }
}

3.关于HandlerThread
ThirdActivity.java

package com.czhappy.handlerdemo.activity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.TextView;

/**
 * Description: HandlerThread
 * User: chenzheng
 * Date: 2017/1/7 0007
 * Time: 14:11
 */
public class ThirdActivity extends AppCompatActivity{

    private HandlerThread thread;

    private Handler handler;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        TextView tv = new TextView(this);
        tv.setText("hello");
        setContentView(tv);

        thread = new HandlerThread("handler looper");
        handler = new Handler(thread.getLooper()){
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                Log.e("tag", ""+thread.currentThread());
            }
        };
    }
}

4.主线程与子线程之间相互通信
FourActivity.java

package com.czhappy.handlerdemo.activity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;

import com.czhappy.handlerdemo.R;

/**
 * Description:主线程与子线程之间相互通信
 * User: chenzheng
 * Date: 2017/1/7 0007
 * Time: 14:26
 */
public class FourActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    //创建主线程的
    private Handler handler = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            Log.e("tag","main handler");
            Message message = new Message();

            //向子线程发送消息
            threadHandler.sendMessageDelayed(message, 1000);
        }
    };

    private Handler threadHandler;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_four);

        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("handlerThread");
        thread.start();
        //创建子线程的handler
        threadHandler = new Handler(thread.getLooper()){
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                Log.e("tag","thread handler");
                Message message = new Message();
                //向主线程发送消息
                handler.sendMessageDelayed(message, 1000);
            }
        };
    }

    public void doSend(View view){
        handler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
    }

    public void doStop(View view){
        handler.removeMessages(1);

    }
}

5.更新UI的四种方式
FiveActivity.java

package com.czhappy.handlerdemo.activity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.czhappy.handlerdemo.R;

/**
 * Description:更新UI的几种方式
 * User: chenzheng
 * Date: 2017/1/7 0007
 * Time: 15:29
 */
public class FiveActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView textView1, textView2, textView3, textView4;
    private Handler handler1 = new Handler();
    private Handler handler2 = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            textView2.setText("OK");
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_five);

        textView1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1);
        textView2 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView2);
        textView3 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView3);
        textView4 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView4);

        way1();
        way2();
        way3();
        way4();
    }

    private void way1() {
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                    handler1.post(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            textView1.setText("OK");
                        }
                    });
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };
    }

    private void way2(){
        handler2.sendEmptyMessage(1);
    }

    private void way3(){
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                textView3.setText("OK");
            }
        });

    }

    private void way4(){
        textView4.post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                textView4.setText("OK");
            }
        });

    }
}

三、总结

• handler封装了消息的发送
• Looper消息承装的载体，内部包含消息队列MessgaeQueue
• Looper.Looper方法是一个死循环，不断的从MessageQueue取消息，有消息就处理消息，没有消息就阻塞
• MessageQueue是一个消息队列，可以添加消息并处理消息

总结：handler负责消息的发送，Looper负责接收handler发送的消息，并直接把消息回传给handler自己，MessageQueue就是一个存储消息的容器