Picasso开源库源码分析

主流的加载图片框架有UIL(Universal-Image-Loader)、Picasso、Glide、Fresco,它们之间的对比可以参照文章全面了解Android主流图片加载库。下面来介绍Picasso图片加载库。


一、简介

Picasso是一个强大的图片下载和缓存来源库。使用Picasso非常简单,只需一行代码:
使用Picasso加载图片很容易和方便,只需一行代码就够了。

Picasso.with(context).load("http://i.imgur.com/DvpvklR.png").into(imageView);

Picasso不仅实现了图片异步加载的功能,还解决了android中加载图片时需要解决的一些常见问题:
1. 在adapter中需要取消已经不在视野范围的ImageView图片资源的加载,否则会导致图片错位,Picasso已经解决了这个问题。
2. 使用复杂的图片压缩转换来尽可能的减少内存消耗;
3. 自带内存和硬盘二级缓存功能;

特性
- Adapter中下载

Adapter的重用会被自动检测到,Picasso会取消上次的加载。

@Override 
public void getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
  SquaredImageView view = (SquaredImageView) convertView;
  if (view == null) {
    view = new SquaredImageView(context);**
  }
  String url = getItem(position);
  Picasso.with(context).load(url).into(view);
}
  • 图片转换

转换图片以适应布局大小并减少内存占用

Picasso.with(context)
  .load(url)
  .resize(50, 50)
  .centerCrop()
  .into(imageView);

你还可以自定义转换:

public class CropSquareTransformation implements Transformation {
  @Override public Bitmap transform(Bitmap source) {
    int size = Math.min(source.getWidth(), source.getHeight());
    int x = (source.getWidth() - size) / 2;
    int y = (source.getHeight() - size) / 2;
    Bitmap result = Bitmap.createBitmap(source, x, y, size, size);
    if (result != source) {
      source.recycle();
    }
    return result;
  }
  @Override public String key() { return "square()"; }
}

将CropSquareTransformation 的对象传递给transform 方法即可。

  • Place holder

空白或者错误占位图片:picasso提供了两种占位图片,未加载完成或者加载发生错误的时需要一张图片作为提示。

 Picasso.with(context)
    .load(url)
    .placeholder(R.drawable.user_placeholder)
    .error(R.drawable.user_placeholder_error)
    .into(imageView);

如果加载发生错误会重复三次请求,三次都失败才会显示error Place holder

  • 资源文件加载

除了加载网络图片picasso还支持加载Resources, assets, files, content providers中的资源文件。

Picasso.with(context).load(R.drawable.landing_screen).into(imageView1);
Picasso.with(context).load(new File(...)).into(imageView2);

下面从图片的加载过程来分析Picasso的源码。


二、源码分析

源码的分析分为加载图片和取消加载两个部分,首先来看加载图片的过程。

2.1 加载图片

2.1.1 构造Picasso实例对象

Picasso实例对象不是通过默认的构造器来构建的,而是通过内部类Bulider方式来构建的,这样可以方便用户自定义构建Picasso对象。默认方法是通过with来创建。

/*
* 构造一个全局的Picasso实例对象,默认实现;
* 该实例自动初始化默认的配置,适用于大多数场景:
* 1,LRU内存缓存占用应用RAM的15%
* 2,磁盘缓存占用外置存储空间的2%,至少5MB,至多50MB。只在API 14以上才可以,或者是提供磁盘缓存的独立库,如OKHttp。
* 3,三个下载线程用来访问磁盘或者网络元素。
*
* 如果上面的配置满足不了你的需求,则可以通过Picasso.Builder来自定义创建一个Picasso对象。
*/
public static Picasso with(@NonNull Context context) {
    if (context == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("context == null");
    }
    if (singleton == null) {
      synchronized (Picasso.class) {
        if (singleton == null) {
          singleton = new Builder(context).build();
        }
      }
    }
    return singleton;
  }
/*
* 创建一个Picasso实例对象
*/
public Picasso build() {
    Context context = this.context;

    if (downloader == null) {
        //网络下载
        downloader = new OkHttp3Downloader(context);
    }
    if (cache == null) {
        //内存缓存,使用1/8的可用堆内存作为内存缓存
        cache = new LruCache(context);
    }
    if (service == null) {
        //ExecutorService服务,默认由3个线程组成
        service = new PicassoExecutorService();
    }
    if (transformer == null) {
        //请求转换器,默认是不作任何处理
        transformer = RequestTransformer.IDENTITY;
      }
      //状态管理器
      Stats stats = new Stats(cache);
      //分发器
      Dispatcher dispatcher = new Dispatcher(context, service, HANDLER, downloader, cache, stats);

      return new Picasso(context, dispatcher, cache, listener, transformer, requestHandlers, stats,
          defaultBitmapConfig, indicatorsEnabled, loggingEnabled);
}

Builder可以组装构建Picasso的各种参数,例如定义内存缓存的大小。

/*
* 自定义内存缓存
*/
public Builder memoryCache(@NonNull Cache memoryCache) {
    if (memoryCache == null) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Memory cache must not be null.");
    }
    if (this.cache != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Memory cache already set.");
    }
      this.cache = memoryCache;
      return this;
}

Picasso的构造函数如下:

/*
* Picasso的构造函数
*/
Picasso(Context context, Dispatcher dispatcher, Cache cache, Listener listener,
      RequestTransformer requestTransformer, List<RequestHandler> extraRequestHandlers, Stats stats,
      Bitmap.Config defaultBitmapConfig, boolean indicatorsEnabled, boolean loggingEnabled) {
    this.context = context;
    this.dispatcher = dispatcher;
    this.cache = cache;
    this.listener = listener;
    this.requestTransformer = requestTransformer;
    this.defaultBitmapConfig = defaultBitmapConfig;

    int builtInHandlers = 7; // 内部处理请求的Hanlder数量
    int extraCount = (extraRequestHandlers != null ? extraRequestHandlers.size() : 0);
    List<RequestHandler> allRequestHandlers = new ArrayList<>(builtInHandlers + extraCount);

    //ResourceRequestHandler必须放置在第一个位置
    allRequestHandlers.add(new ResourceRequestHandler(context));
    if (extraRequestHandlers != null) {
      allRequestHandlers.addAll(extraRequestHandlers);
    }
    allRequestHandlers.add(new ContactsPhotoRequestHandler(context));
    allRequestHandlers.add(new MediaStoreRequestHandler(context));
    allRequestHandlers.add(new ContentStreamRequestHandler(context));
    allRequestHandlers.add(new AssetRequestHandler(context));
    allRequestHandlers.add(new FileRequestHandler(context));
    allRequestHandlers.add(new NetworkRequestHandler(dispatcher.downloader, stats));
    requestHandlers = Collections.unmodifiableList(allRequestHandlers);

    this.stats = stats;
    this.targetToAction = new WeakHashMap<>();
    this.targetToDeferredRequestCreator = new WeakHashMap<>();
    this.indicatorsEnabled = indicatorsEnabled;
    this.loggingEnabled = loggingEnabled;
    this.referenceQueue = new ReferenceQueue<>();
    this.cleanupThread = new CleanupThread(referenceQueue, HANDLER);
    this.cleanupThread.start();
}
2.1.2 利用load方法加载图片

Picasso支持多种加载图片的方式,例如根据网络Uri来加载图片,或者是加载ResourceId指定的图片等。所以load方法被重载了,有多种实现方式:

/*
* 利用指定的Uri来加载图片
*/
public RequestCreator load(@Nullable Uri uri) {
    return new RequestCreator(this, uri, 0);
}

/*
* 通过指定的图片文件来加载图片
* 等价于调用load(Uri)方法
*/
public RequestCreator load(@NonNull File file) {
    if (file == null) {
      return new RequestCreator(this, null, 0);
    }
    return load(Uri.fromFile(file));
}

/*
* 通过指定的路径来加载图片
* 该方法等价调用Load(Uri)
*/
public RequestCreator load(@Nullable String path) {
    if (path == null) {
      return new RequestCreator(this, null, 0);
    }
    if (path.trim().length() == 0) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Path must not be empty.");
    }
    return load(Uri.parse(path));
  }

/*
 * 通过指定的ResourceID加载图片
 */
public RequestCreator load(@DrawableRes int resourceId) {
    if (resourceId == 0) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Resource ID must not be zero.");
    }
    return new RequestCreator(this, null, resourceId);
}

可以看到,load方法最终都是返回一个RequestCreator。RequestCreator保存请求的参数,构造方法如下:

/*
* RequestCreator的构造函数
*/
RequestCreator(Picasso picasso, Uri uri, int resourceId) {
    if (picasso.shutdown) {
      throw new IllegalStateException(
          "Picasso instance already shut down. Cannot submit new requests.");
    }
    this.picasso = picasso;
    this.data = new Request.Builder(uri, resourceId, picasso.defaultBitmapConfig);
}

/*
 * 存储请求的Uri和Resource Id以及Bitmap的配置
 */
  Builder(Uri uri, int resourceId, Bitmap.Config bitmapConfig) {
      this.uri = uri;
      this.resourceId = resourceId;
      this.config = bitmapConfig;
}
2.1.3 into方法将ImageView传入

通过load方法加载的图片,最终都要在ImageView上显示。ImageView是通过into方法传入的。该方法在RequestCreator中实现:

public void into(ImageView target) {
    into(target, null);
}

/*
 * 异步执行请求,请求执行完成后回调callback
 */
public void into(ImageView target, Callback callback) {
    long started = System.nanoTime();
    checkMain();

    if (target == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Target must not be null.");
    }

    //如果没有请求数据,即uri为null或者resourceID为0时,则取消请求。
    if (!data.hasImage()) {
      picasso.cancelRequest(target);
      //加载placeHolder照片
      if (setPlaceholder) {
        setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
      }
      return;
    }


    if (deferred) {
      if (data.hasSize()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Fit cannot be used with resize.");
      }
      int width = target.getWidth();
      int height = target.getHeight();
      if (width == 0 || height == 0 || target.isLayoutRequested()) {
        if (setPlaceholder) {
          setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
        }
        picasso.defer(target, new DeferredRequestCreator(this, target, callback));
        return;
      }
      data.resize(width, height);
    }

    //创建请求以及请求的key
    Request request = createRequest(started);
    String requestKey = createKey(request);

    //从内存缓存中加载图片
    if (shouldReadFromMemoryCache(memoryPolicy)) {
      Bitmap bitmap = picasso.quickMemoryCacheCheck(requestKey);
      if (bitmap != null) {
        picasso.cancelRequest(target);
        setBitmap(target, picasso.context, bitmap, MEMORY, noFade, picasso.indicatorsEnabled);
        if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
          log(OWNER_MAIN, VERB_COMPLETED, request.plainId(), "from " + MEMORY);
        }
        if (callback != null) {
          callback.onSuccess();
        }
        return;
      }
    }

    if (setPlaceholder) {
      setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
    }

    //创建加载图片的Action
    Action action =
        new ImageViewAction(picasso, target, request, memoryPolicy, networkPolicy, errorResId,
            errorDrawable, requestKey, tag, callback, noFade);

    //将请求入队列,并提交执行请求
    picasso.enqueueAndSubmit(action);
  }

RequestCretor是将Request封装成Action,然后提交请求到任务队列中,让任务异步执行。在构造请求之前,先从内存缓存中查看是否意见有图片了,如果有的话,则直接返回缓存中的图片,并回调callback接口。

2.1.4 提交任务

RequestCreator封装好任务请求后,将请求提交到任务队列中,请求入队列的过程在Picasso类中实现。

void enqueueAndSubmit(Action action) {
    Object target = action.getTarget();
    //取消先前的任务,并将任务将入任务队列中
    if (target != null && targetToAction.get(target) != action) {
      // This will also check we are on the main thread.
      cancelExistingRequest(target);
      targetToAction.put(target, action);
    }
    //提交任务
    submit(action);
}
/*
 * 提交任务
 */
void submit(Action action) {
    dispatcher.dispatchSubmit(action);
}

Dispatcher是一个分发器,根据不同的请求命令分发给不同的方法处理,是基于Handler来传递请求消息的。

void dispatchSubmit(Action action) {
    handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(REQUEST_SUBMIT, action));
}

public void handleMessage(final Message msg) {
    switch (msg.what) {
        case REQUEST_SUBMIT: {
        Action action = (Action) msg.obj;
        dispatcher.performSubmit(action);
        break;
    }
    ....
}

Dispatcher最终调用performSubmit来完成任务的提交。

void performSubmit(Action action) {
    performSubmit(action, true);
}

/*
* 执行提交任务
*/
void performSubmit(Action action, boolean dismissFailed) {
    //暂停标志
    if (pausedTags.contains(action.getTag())) {
      pausedActions.put(action.getTarget(), action);
      if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_PAUSED, action.request.logId(),
            "because tag '" + action.getTag() + "' is paused");
      }
      return;
    }

    BitmapHunter hunter = hunterMap.get(action.getKey());
    if (hunter != null) {
      hunter.attach(action);
      return;
    }

    //服务关闭了
    if (service.isShutdown()) {
      if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_IGNORED, action.request.logId(), "because shut down");
      }
      return;
    }

    //构建一个hunter,并提交一个任务,返回一个Future
    hunter = forRequest(action.getPicasso(), this, cache, stats, action);
    hunter.future = service.submit(hunter);
    hunterMap.put(action.getKey(), hunter);
    if (dismissFailed) {
      failedActions.remove(action.getTarget());
    }

    if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
      log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_ENQUEUED, action.request.logId());
    }
 }

Dispatcher最终会构建一个BitmapHunter,并提交给ExecutorService来执行。BitmapHunter实现了Runnable接口,执行具体的请求操作。

@Override 
public void run() {
    try {
      updateThreadName(data);

      if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_EXECUTING, getLogIdsForHunter(this));
      }
      //通过hunt()方法区获取执行结果
      result = hunt();

      //如果执行结果不为空,则通过Dispatcher的dispatchComplete方法通知执行成功,否则通知执行失败
      if (result == null) {
        dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
      } else {
        dispatcher.dispatchComplete(this);
      }
    } catch (Downloader.ResponseException e) {
      if (!e.localCacheOnly || e.responseCode != 504) {
        exception = e;
      }
      dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
    } catch (NetworkRequestHandler.ContentLengthException e) {
      exception = e;
      dispatcher.dispatchRetry(this);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      exception = e;
      dispatcher.dispatchRetry(this);
    } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
      StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
      stats.createSnapshot().dump(new PrintWriter(writer));
      exception = new RuntimeException(writer.toString(), e);
      dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      exception = e;
      dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
    } finally {
      Thread.currentThread().setName(Utils.THREAD_IDLE_NAME);
    }
}

BitmapHunter是通过hunt方法去获取Bitmap,如果获取Bitmap成功,则通过Dispatcher的dispatchComplete方法通知加载成功,否则通过Dispatcher的dispatchFailed方法通知加载失败。下面看下hunt方法加载Bitmap的过程:

Bitmap hunt() throws IOException {
    Bitmap bitmap = null;
    //判断是否需要从内存缓存中读取Bitmap,如果从内存缓存中,读取成功,则直接返回,并更新stats状态
    if (shouldReadFromMemoryCache(memoryPolicy)) {
      bitmap = cache.get(key);
      if (bitmap != null) {
        stats.dispatchCacheHit();
        loadedFrom = MEMORY;
        if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
          log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_DECODED, data.logId(), "from cache");
        }
        return bitmap;
      }
    }

    data.networkPolicy = retryCount == 0 ? NetworkPolicy.OFFLINE.index : networkPolicy;
    //根据指定的请求加载图片,并将结果返回为Result
    RequestHandler.Result result = requestHandler.load(data, networkPolicy);
    if (result != null) {
      loadedFrom = result.getLoadedFrom();
      exifRotation = result.getExifOrientation();
      //从result中获取bitmap结果
      bitmap = result.getBitmap();

      // If there was no Bitmap then we need to decode it from the stream.
      if (bitmap == null) {
        InputStream is = result.getStream();
        try {
          //从InputStream中解码出图片
          bitmap = decodeStream(is, data);
        } finally {
          Utils.closeQuietly(is);
        }
      }
    }

    //如果bitmap不为空,则判断是否需要执行相应的转换
    if (bitmap != null) {
      if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_DECODED, data.logId());
      }
      stats.dispatchBitmapDecoded(bitmap);
      if (data.needsTransformation() || exifRotation != 0) {
        synchronized (DECODE_LOCK) {
          // 如果bitmap需要转换的话,则通过transformResult执行相应的转换
          if (data.needsMatrixTransform() || exifRotation != 0) {
            bitmap = transformResult(data, bitmap, exifRotation);
            if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
              log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_TRANSFORMED, data.logId());
            }
          }
          if (data.hasCustomTransformations()) {
            bitmap = applyCustomTransformations(data.transformations, bitmap);
            if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
              log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_TRANSFORMED, data.logId(), "from custom transformations");
            }
          }
        }
        if (bitmap != null) {
          stats.dispatchBitmapTransformed(bitmap);
        }
      }
    }
    //返回执行结果
    return bitmap;
}

图片的加载最终是通过RequestHandler的load方法来加载的,该方法是一个抽象方法,需要根据具体的加载策略来实现。例如从网络上加载图片,就是NetworkRequestHandler来处理,如果是根据resourceId来加载图片,则使用ResourceRequestHandler来处理。

/*
* 根据指定的request来加载图片
* @param request 加载图片的请求。
* @param networkPolicy 请求的网络加载策略
*/
public abstract Result load(Request request, int networkPolicy) throws IOException;

以NetworkRequestHandler为例来说明一下图片的加载过程。

@Override 
public Result load(Request request, int networkPolicy) throws IOException {
    //利用下载器下载请求的Uri对应的内容
    Response response = downloader.load(request.uri, request.networkPolicy);
    if (response == null) {
      return null;
    }
    //判断响应结果的来源是来自磁盘还是网络,因为Picasso不自己实现磁盘缓存,而是借助下载器的本地缓存功能,例如OkHtttp下载器就带有缓存功能。
    Picasso.LoadedFrom loadedFrom = response.cached ? DISK : NETWORK;
    //1.从磁盘缓存中获取Bitmap
    Bitmap bitmap = response.getBitmap();
    if (bitmap != null) {
      return new Result(bitmap, loadedFrom);
    }

    //2.从网络中获取Bitmap
    InputStream is = response.getInputStream();
    if (is == null) {
      return null;
    }
    // Sometimes response content length is zero when requests are being replayed. Haven't found
    // root cause to this but retrying the request seems safe to do so.
    if (loadedFrom == DISK && response.getContentLength() == 0) {
      Utils.closeQuietly(is);
      throw new ContentLengthException("Received response with 0 content-length header.");
    }

    if (loadedFrom == NETWORK && response.getContentLength() > 0) {
      stats.dispatchDownloadFinished(response.getContentLength());
    }
    return new Result(is, loadedFrom);
}

从上面可以看到,图片的加载过程是通过Downloader的load方法来加载的,该方法是Downloader接口中的一个方法,需要具体的加载器实现,例如OkHttpDownloader下载器。

/*
* 根据指定的Uri下载图片
*/
Response load(Uri uri, int networkPolicy) throws IOException;

在load加载完图片后,会判断该图片是从磁盘缓存中加载出来的,还是从网络上获取的,并更新加载标志,返回加载的bitmap。需要注意的是Picasso没有自己实现本地磁盘缓存,而是借助下载器的本地磁盘缓存,Picasso自身只实现了内存缓存。

至此,一个完整的图片加载的大致流程出来了。时序图如下:
图片加载时序图

2.2 取消加载图片

一个好的图片加载库不仅需要支持灵活的加载配置,而且也要支持相应的取消操作。在某些的情况下,需要提前取消图片加载的任务,以减少系统资源的消耗。

取消加载图片的方法是通过Picasso的cancelRequest()方法来实现的,cancelRequest()方法有三种实现,分别为:

public void cancelRequest(ImageView view) {
    cancelExistingRequest(view);
}
public void cancelRequest(Target target) {
    cancelExistingRequest(target);
}
public void cancelRequest(RemoteViews remoteViews, int viewId) {
    cancelExistingRequest(new RemoteViewsAction.RemoteViewsTarget(remoteViews, viewId));
}

这三个取消方法最终都是调用到cancelExistingRequest()方法,cancelExistingRequest()方法实现如下:

private void cancelExistingRequest(Object target) {
    checkMain();
    //首先获取该target对应的action
    Action action = targetToAction.remove(target);
    if (action != null) {
      action.cancel();
      //调用Dispatcher的dispatchCancel方法发送取消指令
      dispatcher.dispatchCancel(action);
    }

    //如果target是ImageView,则调用延迟请求的cancel方法
    if (target instanceof ImageView) {
      ImageView targetImageView = (ImageView) target;
      DeferredRequestCreator deferredRequestCreator =
          targetToDeferredRequestCreator.remove(targetImageView);
      if (deferredRequestCreator != null) {
        deferredRequestCreator.cancel();
      }
    }
}

可以看到cancelExistingRequest的主要工作有两部分:一部分是通过Dispatcher发送取消Action操作的消息;另外一部分是针对ImageView,调用延迟请求的cancel方法。

2.2.1 Dispatcher发送取消消息

首先来看下Dispatcher的dispatchCancel方法,方法如下所示:

void dispatchCancel(Action action) {
    handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(REQUEST_CANCEL, action));
}

handler由DispatcherHandler内部类实现,sendMessage方法发送消息后,最终调用到handleMessage方法来处理消息:

@Override 
public void handleMessage(final Message msg) {
    case REQUEST_CANCEL: {
          Action action = (Action) msg.obj;
          dispatcher.performCancel(action);
          break;
        }
}

void performCancel(Action action) {
    //获取action对应的key,然后根据key获取对应的BitmapHunter,BitmapHunter是一个Runnable对象
    String key = action.getKey();
    BitmapHunter hunter = hunterMap.get(key);
    if (hunter != null) {
      //将action分离,并重新计算action新的优先级
      hunter.detach(action);
      //调用BitmapHunter的cancel方法,最终调用Future的cancel方法。
      if (hunter.cancel()) {
        //移除该key对应的BitmapHunter
        hunterMap.remove(key);
        if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
          log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_CANCELED, action.getRequest().logId());
        }
      }
    }

    //如果该Action包含暂停标志,则从暂停Actions集合中移除该Action
    if (pausedTags.contains(action.getTag())) {
      pausedActions.remove(action.getTarget());
      if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_CANCELED, action.getRequest().logId(),
            "because paused request got canceled");
      }
    }
    //从失败Action中移除该Action
    Action remove = failedActions.remove(action.getTarget());
    if (remove != null && remove.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
      log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_CANCELED, remove.getRequest().logId(), "from replaying");
    }
  }

可以看到PerformCancel方法的主要作用先分离该Action,然后调用Future的Cancel方法去真正取消任务。任务取消完成后,移除该key对应的BitmapHunter以及其他集合中包含的该Action。
BitmapHunter的Cancel方法如下:

boolean cancel() {
    return action == null
        && (actions == null || actions.isEmpty())
        && future != null
        && future.cancel(false);
}

action以及actions集合在BitmapHunter的detach方法被置为空了:

void detach(Action action) {
    boolean detached = false;
    //如果当前执行的action就是需要取消的action
    if (this.action == action) {
      this.action = null;
      detached = true;
    } else if (actions != null) {
      detached = actions.remove(action);
    }

    // The action being detached had the highest priority. Update this
    // hunter's priority with the remaining actions.
    // action被分离后,需要重新计算actions集合中其他action的优先级
    if (detached && action.getPriority() == priority) {
      priority = computeNewPriority();
    }

    if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
      log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_REMOVED, action.request.logId(), getLogIdsForHunter(this, "from "));
    }
  }

至此,cancelExistingRequest的第一部分工作完成了,发送一个取消消息,由Dispatcher真正去取消一个任。接下来看cancelExistingRequest的第二部分工作,调用延迟请求的cancel方法。

2.2.2 延迟请求的取消

当尝试调整图片的大小适应ImageView的边界,这将延迟执行该请求直至ImageView布局好了。具体在RequestCreator的fit方法中实现:

public RequestCreator fit() {
    //设置deferred标志位为true
    deferred = true;
    return this;
}

需要注意的是fit()方法只能用于ImageView,在调用into(ImageView,Callback)方法时,会根据deferred标志决定是否需要创建一个DeferredRequestCreator,into方法实现如下:

public void into(ImageView target, Callback callback) {
    .....省略部分代码
    if (deferred) {
      if (data.hasSize()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Fit cannot be used with resize.");
      }
      int width = target.getWidth();
      int height = target.getHeight();
      if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
        if (setPlaceholder) {
          setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
        }
        //创建一个DeferredRequestCreator对象,并调用Picasso的defer方法。
        picasso.defer(target, new DeferredRequestCreator(this, target, callback));
        return;
      }
      data.resize(width, height);
    }
    ......省略部分代码
  }

void defer(ImageView view, DeferredRequestCreator request) {
    targetToDeferredRequestCreator.put(view, request);
}

Picasso的defer方法主要将ImageView和DeferredRequestCreator保存到一个HashMap集合中,以Key值为键值。我们再回过头来看cancelExistingRequest的延迟请求取消的部分:

private void cancelExistingRequest(Object target) {
  .....省略部分代码
    if (target instanceof ImageView) {
      ImageView targetImageView = (ImageView) target;
      //获取DeferredRequestCreator对象
      DeferredRequestCreator deferredRequestCreator =
          targetToDeferredRequestCreator.remove(targetImageView);
      //如果DeferredRequestCreator不为空,则调用cancel方法
      if (deferredRequestCreator != null) {
        deferredRequestCreator.cancel();
      }
    }
}

void cancel() {
    callback = null;
    //DeferredRequestCreator持有ImageView的弱引用
    ImageView target = this.target.get();
    if (target == null) {
      return;
    }
    //获取视图树的监听器
    ViewTreeObserver vto = target.getViewTreeObserver();
    if (!vto.isAlive()) {
      return;
    }
    //移除OnPreDrawListener的监听
    vto.removeOnPreDrawListener(this);
}

在DeferredRequestCreator的构造器中,注册了监听视图树的监听,当一个视图树将要绘制时,首先回调监听函数onPreDraw函数。这样可以在ImageView绘制前,先获取ImageView的宽高,然后重新发送请求以满足ImageView的边界要求,这也是叫延迟请求的缘由了。

class DeferredRequestCreator implements ViewTreeObserver.OnPreDrawListener {
    DeferredRequestCreator(RequestCreator creator, ImageView target, Callback callback) {
    this.creator = creator;
    this.target = new WeakReference<ImageView>(target);
    this.callback = callback;
    target.getViewTreeObserver().addOnPreDrawListener(this);
  }

  @Override 
  public boolean onPreDraw() {
    ImageView target = this.target.get();
    if (target == null) {
      return true;
    }
    ViewTreeObserver vto = target.getViewTreeObserver();
    if (!vto.isAlive()) {
      return true;
    }

    int width = target.getWidth();
    int height = target.getHeight();

    if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
      return true;
    }

    vto.removeOnPreDrawListener(this);

    this.creator.unfit().resize(width, height).into(target, callback);
    return true;
  }
}

至此,完成了延迟请求的取消操作了。

可以看到取消图片的加载过程,大致包含了取消当前执行的任务,以及ImageView的延迟请求取消操作。


三、Picasso关键类图

picasso开源框架中包含了内存缓存、下载器、任务执行器以及分发器等各个模块,他们之间的关系可以用类图来表示:
Picasso类图
可以看到Picasso类图,大致可以分为以下几个部分:

Downloaderader:下载器,定义了下载的接口,具体的实现的有OkHttpDownloader和UrlConnectionDownloader。OkHttpDownloader是利用OkHttp来下载图片的。UrlConnectionDownloader是利用HttpURLConnection来下载图片的。也可以自定义实现下载器,只需实现loadheshutdown方法。

Cache: 缓存,定义了缓存的接口,这里的具体实现是LruCache实现的内存缓存。LruCache是基于最近使用原则来保存缓存项。也可以自定义实现缓存,只需实现Cache接口中的方法。

ExecutorService: 任务执行器,这里的具体实现是PicassoExecutorService,默认是支持3个线程同时工作,采用的优先级队列。也可以自定义实现任务执行器,只需实现ExecutorService接口中的方法。

Action:任务请求的封装,定义了任务执行的接口。这里的具体实现有ImageViewAction、RemoteViewsAction、TargetAction等。在Action中定义了任务执行完成的complete方法和任务出错的方法error。

Stats:统计任务执行状态,包括从缓存中命中图片的次数、总共下载的图片大小、平均下载图片的大小、下载次数等等。

RequestHandler:请求处理器,可以处理各种类型的请求。请求图片可以通过Uri从网络上获取,也可以通过ResourceId获取,RequestHandler是一个抽象类型,可以让用户选择处理请求的方式,目前支持7种内在类型的图片请求。ResourceRequestHandler是处理ResourceID的图片请求,NetworkRequestHandler是处理网络Uri图片请求。每个请求都通过load方法实现具体的加载逻辑。

RequestCreator:构建图片加载请求,定义into方法,最终将请求添加到任务队列中去执行。

Dispatcher:分发器,协调各个模块的运行,是整个框架的核心枢纽。通过Handler来传递消息,完成状态的流转。


四、总结

Picasso是Square公司开源的一个图片加载库,Picasso自身是不实现“本地缓存”的,需要搭配下载器来实现本地缓存,例如Square开源的OKHttp就提供了本地缓存功能。Picasso整体使用还是比较简单,源码也不是很复杂,是图片加载库的一个好的选择。

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