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You can find out where the other gedit plugins are already installed by doing:
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updatedb
sudo updatedb
locate gedit-2/plugins
And look for them in something like /usr/lib. Then, you can rerun the configure as shown above passing in the lib dir:
./configure --libdir=/usr/lib
Assuming you're okay with the simpler method (installing the plugin in your home dir), the entire process might look something like this:
# DOWNLOAD AND EXTRACT SOURCES
cd ~
wget ftp://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gedit/2.20/gedit-2.20.3.tar.gz
tar -xzf gedit-2.20.3.tar.gz
cd gedit-2.20.3
cd plugins
wget http://superb-west.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/symbol-browser/gedit-symbol-browser-plugin-0.1.tar.gz
tar -xzf gedit-symbol-browser-plugin-0.1.tar.gz
# EDIT MAKE AND CONFIGURE FILES
sed -i 's/SUBDIRS =/SUBDIRS = \t\\\n\tsymbolbrowser\t/g' Makefile.am
sed -i 's/DIST_SUBDIRS =/DIST_SUBDIRS =\t\\\n\tsymbolbrowser\t/g' Makefile.am
cd ..
sed -i 's/AC_CONFIG_FILES(\[/AC_CONFIG_FILES(\[\nplugins\/symbolbrowser\/Makefile/g' configure.ac
# BUILD THE PLUGIN
autoconf
automake
./configure
cd plugins/symbolbrowser
make
# COPY TO HOME FOLDER
# Note: if you ran ./configure --libdir=/usr/lib then make install may work
cp symbolbrowser.gedit-plugin .libs/libsymbolbrowser.so ~/.gnome2/gedit/plugins/
cp -r symbols ~/.gnome2/gedit/
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The following plugins are shipped with gedit:
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Change case: Changes the case of selected text.
Document Statistics Analyses the current document and reports the number of words, lines, characters and non-space characters in it.
External tools: Execute external commands and shell scripts. (More)
File Browser: A file browser plugin allowing to easily access your filesystem (includes remote mounts, creating new files/dirs, monitor dirs for changes, etc) (More)
Indent: Indents or un-indents selected lines.
Modelines: Emacs, Kate and Vim-style modelines support for gedit.
Python console: Interactive python console standing in the bottom panel.
Snippets: Insert often used pieces of text in a fast way. (More)
Sort: Sorts a document or selected text.
Spell: Checks the spelling of the current document.
Tag list: Provides a method to easily insert into a document commonly used tags/strings without having to type them.
Insert Date/Time: Inserts current date and time at the cursor position.