SpringBoot实战教程1-快速入门

1 HelloWorld示例

1.1 新建maven工程

1.2 编写pom文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.ws.edu</groupId>
	<artifactId>SpringBootStart</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

注意：maven工程必须是JDK1.8或以后的版本

1.3 编写User类

package com.ws.edu;

public class User {
	public void sayHello(){
		System.out.println("Hello world");
	}
}

1.4 编写SpringBoot配置类

package com.ws.edu;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

public class MyConfig {
	@Bean
	public User createUser(){
		return new User();
	}
}

1.5 编写SpringBoot启动类

package com.ws.edu;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;

public class App {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(MyConfig.class, args);
		User user = context.getBean(User.class);
		user.sayHello();
	}

}

1.6 运行结果

1.7 案例分析

    上述案例调用SpringApplication的run方法来运行一个配置类，并且返回ApplicationContext的子类ConfigurableApplicationContext，然后获得容器中的User，运行User的sayHello方法。

2 替换pom文件中的父工程引用

    在1.2中，我们采用引用spring-boot-starter-parent父工程，我们还可以使用依赖的方式替代父工程引用，替换后的pom文件如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.ws.edu</groupId>
	<artifactId>SpringBootStart</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
				<scope>import</scope>
				<type>pom</type>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>
	
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

注意：import scope只能用在dependencyManagement里面，具体参考http://blog.csdn.net/mn960mn/article/details/50894022这篇文章。

3 解析springboot配置类

3.1 SpringBoot配置类就是一个Spring基于Java的配置类。

    1.4中的配置类没有添加@Configuration注解，因为SpringBoot会默认把传入的类当作一个配置类。

3.2 一次传入多个SpringBoot配置类

3.2.1 新建MyConfig1配置类

package com.ws.edu;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

public class MyConfig1 {
	@Bean
	public User createUser1(){
		return new User();
	}
}

3.2.2 修改启动类

package com.ws.edu;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;

public class App {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(new Object[]{MyConfig.class,MyConfig1.class}, args);
		User user = context.getBean("createUser",User.class);
		user.sayHello();
		User user1 = context.getBean("createUser1",User.class);
		user1.sayHello();
	}

}

3.2.3 运行结果

4 使用@SpringBootApplication注解

4.1 @SpringBootApplication注解源码解析

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

	@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class, attribute = "exclude")
	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

	@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class, attribute = "excludeName")
	String[] excludeName() default {};
	@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackages")
	String[] scanBasePackages() default {};
	@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackageClasses")
	Class<?>[] scanBasePackageClasses() default {};

}

由源码可知，@SpringBootApplication注解实现了三个功能

（1）Spring的配置类功能，由@SpringBootConfiguration注解实现。

（2）自动化配置功能，由@EnableAutoConfiguration注解实现。

（3）自动扫描功能，由@ComponentScan注解实现

另外由源码可知，我们可以配置基础扫描包，扫描类等属性。

4.2 使用自动扫描注入Bean示例

4.2.1 编写UserService类

package com.ws.edu;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {
	public void showUser() {
		System.out.println("show User!");
	}
}

4.2.2 给MyConfig配置类添加@SpringBootApplication注解

package com.ws.edu;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class MyConfig {
	@Bean
	public User createUser(){
		return new User();
	}
}

4.2.3 启动类获取UserService并使用

package com.ws.edu;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;

public class App {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(new Object[]{MyConfig.class,MyConfig1.class}, args);
		User user = context.getBean("createUser",User.class);
		user.sayHello();
		User user1 = context.getBean("createUser1",User.class);
		user1.sayHello();
		context.getBean(UserService.class).showUser();
		context.close();
	}

}

4.2.4 运行结果

参考文章：

http://blog.csdn.net/mn960mn/article/details/50894022

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3145136/blog/865107