首先搭建Book类,把书的拥有的属性和方法,即:get set 方法输入输出,和toString打印信息还有书的信息:
public class Book {
private String name;
private String aythor;
private int price;
private String type;
private boolean isBorrowed;
public Book(String name, String aythor, int price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.aythor = aythor;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAythor() {
return aythor;
}
public void setAythor(String aythor) {
this.aythor = aythor;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isBorrowed() {
return isBorrowed;
}
public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
isBorrowed = borrowed;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", aythor='" + aythor + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +
'}';
}
}
此时在book包中建立book链表的文件:
public class booklist {
private Book[] books = new Book[100];
private int usedsize = 0;
public booklist(){
books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",100,"小说");
books[1] = new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",100,"小说");
books[2] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",100,"小说");
this.usedsize = 3;
}
public void setBooks(int pos,Book book)
{
this.books[pos] = book;
}
public Book getBooks(int pos)
{
return this.books[pos];
}
public int getUsedsize() {
return usedsize;
}
public void setUsedsize(int usedsize) {
this.usedsize = usedsize;
}
}
然后我们在另一个包中实现对链表的操作:
我们根据管理员和普通用户所能使用的功能不同,那么我们对这两个对象的菜单也不一样,所以我们要用两个对象来实现两个不同的菜单和功能:
login登录函数:
textdomo主函数:
此时我们想要用父类User去访问其子类的方法,此时是不能直接访问的,我们需要在父类中写如一个抽象方法,然后再User的子类Admin和NormalUser去分别实现不同的这个抽象方法,然后再用父类去调用这个抽象方法,结果login登录函数的筛选,那么User会调用对应子类的抽象的方法,这就是多态的实例运用。
那么我们如何去像C语言一样用switch去选择方法呢?
我们在父类User中定义一个 IOperation 的数组:
因为这个数组是被其他方法的类所作为接口的,那么我们可以在管理员和普通用户的类中分别new一个这个数组,来存储他们对应需要使用的方法:
那么我们把这些方法用数组储存起来有什么用呢?我们接下来我们在父类中实现一个方法,这个方法专门用来供用户来选择操作:
public void doOperation(Booklist booklist, int choice){
this.operations[choice].work(booklist);
}
我们利用choice在数组中,用下标来进行选择,选择我们需要继续那个操作,然后直接调用这个操作的work方法,来实现对booklist 的操作。
然后我们在textdomo主函数中就可以取调用这个方法来选择我们需要执行的操作 了:
实现ExitOperation 退出系统操作:
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(Booklist booklist)
{
System.out.println("退出系统");
System.exit(1);//其中的1 代表正常退出
//结果是直接终止程序
}
}
实现addOperation 新增图书的方法:
public class addOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(Booklist booklist)
{
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入图书的名字");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的作者");
String author = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的价格");
int price = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入图书的类型");
String type = scanner.next();
Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);
int cursize = booklist.getUsedsize(); // 取到图书顺序表中最后一个有效数字
booklist.setBooks(cursize,book);
booklist.setUsedsize(cursize + 1);
System.out.println("新增成功并");
}
}
借阅图书borrowOperation方法:
public class borrowOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(Booklist booklist)
{
System.out.println("借阅图书");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你要借阅图书的 名字");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
for(int i = 0; i < booklist.getUsedsize();i++)
{
Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
if(book.getName().equals(name)){
//找到图书,可以借阅
System.out.println(book);//打印这个书的信息
book.setBorrowed(true);//表示这个本书已经被借出去了
System.out.println("借阅成功");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有你要借阅的书籍");
}
}
删除图书DelOperation方法:
public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(Booklist booklist)
{
System.out.println("删除图书");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你要删除图书的 名字");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int i = 0;
for(; i < booklist.getUsedsize();i++)
{
Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
if(book.getName().equals(name))
{
break;
}
}
//判断上述是如何跳出循环的
if(i == booklist.getUsedsize())
{
System.out.println("没有这本书");
return;
}
//在此之后,如果程序还在运行,那么说明此时已经找到此书
int pos = i;
for(;pos < booklist.getUsedsize()-1;pos++)
{
//在java中,此处不能像数组一样直接修改其中的值
//我们要用我们在booklist里面实现的方法来修改其中的值
Book book = booklist.getBooks(pos + 1);
booklist.setBooks(pos,book);
}
booklist.setUsedsize(booklist.getUsedsize() - 1);//把booklist中的有效数据值 - 1
System.out.println("删除成功");
}
}
显示全部图书方法DisplayOperation:
public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(Booklist booklist)
{
System.out.println("显示图书");
for(int i = 0;i < booklist.getUsedsize();i++)
{
Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
System.out.println(book);
}
}
}
查找函数FindOperation方法:
public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(Booklist booklist)
{
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你要查找图书的 名字");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
for(int i = 0; i < booklist.getUsedsize();i++)
{
Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
if(book.getName().equals(name)){
//找到图书,可以借阅
System.out.println(book);//打印这个书的信息
System.out.println("查找成功");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有找到该书籍");
}
}
归还图书方法returnOperation:
public class returnOperation implements IOperation{
public void work(Booklist booklist)
{
System.out.println("归还图书");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你要归还的图书 名字");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
for(int i = 0;i < booklist.getUsedsize();i++)
{
Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
if(book.getName().equals(name))
{
book.setBorrowed(false);
System.out.println("归还成功");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有找到你需要归还的图书");
}
}
管理员类实现:
public class Admin extends User{
public Admin(String name)
{
super(name);
//将Admin 即管理员需要的操作放到一个数组中
this.operations = new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new addOperation(),
new DelOperation(),
new DisplayOperation(),
};
}
public int menu(){
System.out.println("====================================");
System.out.println("hello" + this.name + "欢迎来到图书系统-管理员模式");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.新增图书");
System.out.println("3.删除图书");
System.out.println("4.显示所有图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("====================================");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
普通成员类实现:
public class NormalUser extends User{
public NormalUser(String name)
{
super(name);
//普通用户的操作,放到这个数组中
this.operations = new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new borrowOperation(),
new returnOperation(),
};
}
public int menu(){
System.out.println("====================================");
System.out.println("hello" + this.name + "欢迎来到图书系统");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
System.out.println("3.归还图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("====================================");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
父类User类实现:
public abstract class User {
protected String name;
protected IOperation[] operations;
public User(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public abstract int menu();
public void doOperation(Booklist booklist, int choice){
this.operations[choice].work(booklist);
}
}
主函数textdomo实现:
import book.Booklist;
import user.Admin;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* @Author liwenyan
* @Date 2023/3/30 8:49
* @PackageName:PACKAGE_NAME
* @ClassName: textdome
* @Description: TODO
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class textdome {
//登录函数
public static User login(){
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入姓名:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入你的身份 1-》管理员 2-》 普通用户");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
if(choice == 1){
return new Admin(name);//发生向上转型
}else{
return new NormalUser(name);//发生向上转型
}
}
public static void main(String[] agrs)
{
//准备书籍
Booklist booklist = new Booklist();
//登录
User user = login();
while(true)
{
int choice = user.menu();
//选择是几,就可以选择调用方法了
user.doOperation(booklist,choice);
}
}
}
文件包: