i-vector本质剖析

1. i-vector的由来

基于因子分析理论,句子h的超向量M_h可以描述成

 其中m_{ubm}为ubm模型的均值超向量,w_h即为i-vector

2. i-vector的计算

2.1 T矩阵的估计

O_h为句子h的观察特征,可以对应于上面的M_h,依据上式进行如下分布假设:w_h服从正态分布N(0,I)

基于最大似然准则估计T矩阵,利用到EM算法

EM:先初始化T,估计出w_h,再依据w_h估计T,反复迭代

2.2 i-vector计算公式

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MSR Identity Toolbox: A Matlab Toolbox for Speaker Recognition Research Version 1.0 Seyed Omid Sadjadi, Malcolm Slaney, and Larry Heck Microsoft Research, Conversational Systems Research Center (CSRC) s.omid.sadjadi@gmail.com, {mslaney,larry.heck}@microsoft.com This report serves as a user manual for the tools available in the Microsoft Research (MSR) Identity Toolbox. This toolbox contains a collection of Matlab tools and routines that can be used for research and development in speaker recognition. It provides researchers with a test bed for developing new front-end and back-end techniques, allowing replicable evaluation of new advancements. It will also help newcomers in the field by lowering the “barrier to entry”, enabling them to quickly build baseline systems for their experiments. Although the focus of this toolbox is on speaker recognition, it can also be used for other speech related applications such as language, dialect and accent identification. In recent years, the design of robust and effective speaker recognition algorithms has attracted significant research effort from academic and commercial institutions. Speaker recognition has evolved substantially over the past 40 years; from discrete vector quantization (VQ) based systems to adapted Gaussian mixture model (GMM) solutions, and more recently to factor analysis based Eigenvoice (i-vector) frameworks. The Identity Toolbox provides tools that implement both the conventional GMM-UBM and state-of-the-art i-vector based speaker recognition strategies. A speaker recognition system includes two primary components: a front-end and a back-end. The front-end transforms acoustic waveforms into more compact and less redundant representations called acoustic features. Cepstral features are most often used for speaker recognition. It is practical to only retain the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions of the waveform, therefore there is also a need for a speech activity detector (SAD) in the fr

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